Lechner Bernardo E, Albertó Edgardo
PROPLAME-PRIDEB (CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Rev Iberoam Micol. 2011 Oct-Dec;28(4):148-54. doi: 10.1016/j.riam.2010.12.001. Epub 2011 Jan 15.
The species of genus Pleurotus are worldwide cultivated.
To evaluate growth, yield production and morphological variations of fruiting bodies obtained from the cultivation of fourteen naturally occurring Pleurotus strains isolated from Argentina.
The strains growth was tested at different temperatures on Nobles' medium. Substrates assayed were: supplemented Salix sawdust, supplemented and non supplemented wheat straw. The species studied were Pleurotus albidus, Pleurotus cystidiosus, Pleurotus djamor, Pleurotus ostreatus and Pleurotus pulmonarius.
The maximum rate growth was reached by strains of P. pulmonarius, P. albidus, and P. ostreatus. No relationship was found when optimal mycelium growth, incubation time and yields were compared. The highest yield was obtained with P. albidus on wheat straw (biological efficiency 171.3%) which overcame in 82% the yield obtained for the commercial strain in the same substrate. When morphological variations were analyzed for each species, significant differences were found among strains. It was also possible to find a naturally occurring strain of P. ostreatus with better biological efficiency than the commercial strain assayed.
We propose the study of naturally occurring strains as a useful practice to improve yields of species of Pleurotus. Due to the high biological efficiency obtained we propose P. albidus as a new species for commercial production.
侧耳属的物种在全球范围内均有栽培。
评估从阿根廷分离出的14种天然侧耳菌株栽培获得的子实体的生长、产量及形态变异。
在诺布尔斯培养基上于不同温度下测试菌株的生长情况。所检测的基质有：添加柳树锯末的基质、添加和未添加小麦秸秆的基质。所研究的物种有白侧耳、囊状侧耳、红侧耳、糙皮侧耳和平侧耳。
肺形侧耳、白侧耳和糙皮侧耳菌株的生长速率达到最大值。比较最佳菌丝体生长、培养时间和产量时未发现相关性。白侧耳在小麦秸秆上的产量最高（生物学效率为171.3%），比同一基质上商业菌株的产量高出82%。对每个物种的形态变异进行分析时，发现菌株间存在显著差异。还发现了一种天然糙皮侧耳菌株，其生物学效率优于所检测的商业菌株。
我们建议研究天然菌株作为提高侧耳属物种产量的一种有用做法。由于获得了较高的生物学效率，我们建议将白侧耳作为商业生产的新物种。
