Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, NB4.204G, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
J Cell Sci. 2011 Feb 1;124(Pt 3):311-20. doi: 10.1242/jcs.065771.
Circadian rhythms exist in most living organisms. The general molecular mechanisms that are used to generate 24-hour rhythms are conserved among organisms, although the details vary. These core clocks consist of multiple regulatory feedback loops, and must be coordinated and orchestrated appropriately for the fine-tuning of the 24-hour period. Many levels of regulation are important for the proper functioning of the circadian clock, including transcriptional, post-transcriptional and post-translational mechanisms. In recent years, new information about post-transcriptional regulation in the circadian system has been discovered. Such regulation has been shown to alter the phase and amplitude of rhythmic mRNA and protein expression in many organisms. Therefore, this Commentary will provide an overview of current knowledge of post-transcriptional regulation of the clock genes and clock-controlled genes in dinoflagellates, plants, fungi and animals. This article will also highlight how circadian gene expression is modulated by post-transcriptional mechanisms and how this is crucial for robust circadian rhythmicity.
昼夜节律存在于大多数生物中。尽管细节有所不同，但用于产生 24 小时节律的一般分子机制在生物中是保守的。这些核心时钟由多个调节反馈环组成，必须进行适当的协调和协调，以实现 24 小时周期的微调。许多调节层次对于生物钟的正常功能很重要，包括转录、转录后和翻译后机制。近年来，关于昼夜系统中转录后调节的新信息已经被发现。这种调节已被证明可以改变许多生物中节律性 mRNA 和蛋白质表达的相位和幅度。因此，本评论将概述在甲藻、植物、真菌和动物中生物钟基因和时钟控制基因的转录后调节的最新知识。本文还将重点介绍昼夜基因表达如何通过转录后机制进行调节，以及这对稳健的昼夜节律性至关重要。
