Guinn Caroline H, Baxter Suzanne Domel, Litaker Mark S, Thompson William O
Research Dietitian, University of South Carolina, School of Public Health, Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, 220 Stoneridge Drive, Suite 103, Columbia, SC 29210; Phone (803) 251-6365 ext 24, FAX (803) 251-7954,
J Child Nutr Manag. 2007;361(1).
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: This article discusses differences by ethnicity (Black, White), gender, and time (season/year) in body mass index (BMI)-for-age percentiles, and prevalence of overweight and at risk of overweight, in fourth-grade children across five studies conducted during four school years. These five studies concerned either the accuracy of children's dietary recalls or children's social desirability, so weight and height measurements were secondary rather than primary aims. METHODS: Across five studies, 1,696 fourth-grade children (54% Black, 46% White; 51% girls) from a total of 14 public elementary schools in one school district were measured. Each child's BMI-for-age percentile was determined using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's gender-specific BMI-for-age growth charts. RESULTS: Across all five studies, 20 children (1.2%) were underweight (<5(th) percentile), 989 children (58.3%) were at a healthy weight (≥5(th) and <85(th) percentiles), 281 children (16.6%) were at risk of overweight (≥85(th) and <95(th) percentiles), and 406 children (23.9%) were overweight (≥95(th) percentile). The mean gender-specific BMI-for-age percentile across all children was high (70.1%) and greater for Black children (72.0%) than White children (67.8%) (p=0.02; analysis of covariance). A higher percentage of Black children (26.5%) compared to White children (21.0%) were overweight (p=0.01; chi-square). No differences were found by gender or time in the prevalence of children who were overweight; likewise, no differences were found by ethnicity, gender, or time in the prevalence of children who were at risk of overweight. APPLICATIONS TO CHILD NUTRITION PROFESSIONALS: Schools provide an excellent venue for measuring children's weight and height annually to determine BMI-for-age percentiles. This information can be used to track changes over time, and linked to computerized administrative records of children's daily participation in school meals from one school year to the next to increase knowledge of a relationship between childhood obesity and daily participation in school meals.
目的/目标：本文探讨了在四个学年进行的五项研究中，四年级儿童按种族（黑人、白人）、性别和时间（季节/年份）划分的年龄别体重指数（BMI）百分位数、超重患病率及超重风险的差异。这五项研究关注的是儿童饮食回忆的准确性或儿童的社会期望性，因此体重和身高测量是次要而非主要目标。方法：在五项研究中，对一个学区内14所公立小学的1696名四年级儿童（54%为黑人，46%为白人；51%为女孩）进行了测量。使用疾病控制与预防中心的按性别划分的年龄别BMI生长图表确定每个儿童的年龄别BMI百分位数。结果：在所有五项研究中，20名儿童（1.2%）体重过轻（<第5百分位数），989名儿童（58.3%）体重正常（≥第5百分位数且<第85百分位数），281名儿童（16.6%）有超重风险（≥第85百分位数且<第95百分位数），406名儿童（23.9%）超重（≥第95百分位数）。所有儿童的平均按性别划分的年龄别BMI百分位数较高（70.1%），黑人儿童（72.0%）高于白人儿童（67.8%）（p = 0.02；协方差分析）。与白人儿童（21.0%）相比，超重的黑人儿童比例更高（26.5%）（p = 0.01；卡方检验）。在超重儿童的患病率方面，未发现性别或时间上的差异；同样，在有超重风险儿童的患病率方面，也未发现种族、性别或时间上的差异。对儿童营养专业人员的应用：学校为每年测量儿童体重和身高以确定年龄别BMI百分位数提供了一个绝佳场所。这些信息可用于跟踪随时间的变化，并与儿童从一个学年到下一个学年日常参与学校膳食情况的计算机化行政记录相联系，以增进对儿童肥胖与日常参与学校膳食之间关系的了解。
