Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2011 May;39(4):577-87. doi: 10.1007/s10802-011-9486-6.
Informant- and gender-specific characteristics of Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) and how these might relate to patterns of comorbidity need to be further clarified. We collected data from 7,007 children (aged 7-9) who participated in the Bergen Child Study (BCS), an ongoing population-based study of children's development and mental health. A questionnaire containing the DSM-IV behavioral descriptions of ODD was distributed to parents and teachers. Co-occurring symptoms of mental health problems were measured by the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). The boys (n = 122) and girls (n = 41) with symptomatic ODD had an increased risk of co-occurring emotional symptoms, hyperactivity or inattention and peer problems, as compared to their peers without symptomatic ODD. The impact of symptomatic ODD was higher for boys than girls in teacher reported SDQ ratings, except for emotional symptoms. There were no significant interaction effects of gender in parent SDQ ratings. Our results are contrary to the gender paradox hypothesis, which states that co-occurring symptoms of mental health problems are more frequent among girls with ODD as compared to boys with ODD.
需要进一步明确对立违抗性障碍（ODD）的信息和性别特异性特征，以及这些特征如何与共病模式相关。我们从参加卑尔根儿童研究（BCS）的 7007 名儿童（年龄在 7-9 岁之间）中收集了数据，BCS 是一项正在进行的儿童发展和心理健康的基于人群的研究。一份包含 DSM-IV 行为描述的 ODD 问卷分发给了家长和老师。通过《长处与困难问卷》（SDQ）来测量心理健康问题的共病症状。与没有 ODD 症状的同龄人相比，有症状的 ODD 男孩（n=122）和女孩（n=41）出现情绪症状、多动或注意力不集中和同伴问题的风险增加。在教师报告的 SDQ 评分中，ODD 症状对男孩的影响大于女孩，除了情绪症状。在父母的 SDQ 评分中，没有显著的性别交互作用。我们的结果与性别悖论假说相反，该假说认为，与患有 ODD 的男孩相比，患有 ODD 的女孩共病心理健康问题的症状更为常见。
