Macartney Kristine K, Porwal Mamta, Dalton Dianne, Cripps Terri, Maldigri Trish, Isaacs David, Kesson Alison
National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Locked Bag 4001, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia.
J Paediatr Child Health. 2011 May;47(5):266-70. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1754.2010.01953.x. Epub 2011 Jan 18.
To determine the impact of rotavirus immunisation on rotavirus hospitalisations in young children. methods: Annual hospitalisations for rotavirus gastroenteritis to The Children's Hospital at Westmead, a tertiary care paediatric hospital in Sydney, were recorded from 2001 for 6 years prior to and 2.5 years following the introduction of rotavirus vaccines to the National Immunisation Program. Data on hospital-acquired rotavirus gastroenteritis were collected prospectively.
Hospitalisations for rotavirus gastroenteritis declined in the two full rotavirus seasons (2008 and 2009) after vaccine introduction by 75% compared with mean annual hospitalisations from 2001 to 2006. The greatest decline was seen in those <12 months of age (93%), but the reduction occurred consistently across all age groups, even in children not eligible for immunisation, suggesting an effect on herd immunity. A substantial decline in nosocomial rotavirus gastroenteritis was seen from 2007 to 2009, suggesting a reduction in virus transmission in the hospital setting.
This study demonstrates a substantial reduction in hospitalisations in children of all ages to a large paediatric hospital and reduced nosocomial infections since the introduction of a nationally funded rotavirus immunisation programme in Australia.
确定轮状病毒免疫接种对幼儿轮状病毒住院率的影响。方法：记录了悉尼一家三级儿科医院——韦斯特米德儿童医院自2001年起在国家免疫规划引入轮状病毒疫苗之前的6年以及之后的2.5年中因轮状病毒肠胃炎导致的年度住院情况。前瞻性收集了医院获得性轮状病毒肠胃炎的数据。
引入疫苗后的两个完整轮状病毒季节（2008年和2009年），与2001年至2006年的年均住院率相比，轮状病毒肠胃炎住院率下降了75%。12个月以下儿童下降最为显著（93%），但所有年龄组均持续出现下降，即使是不符合免疫接种条件的儿童，这表明对群体免疫产生了影响。2007年至2009年，医院内轮状病毒肠胃炎大幅下降，表明医院环境中的病毒传播有所减少。
本研究表明，自澳大利亚引入国家资助的轮状病毒免疫规划以来，一家大型儿科医院中各年龄段儿童的住院率大幅下降，医院感染也有所减少。
