Jensen J, Nilas L, Christiansen C
Department of Clinical Chemistry, Glostrup Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
Maturitas. 1990 Nov;12(4):321-31. doi: 10.1016/0378-5122(90)90012-u.
The influence of the menopause on serum lipids and lipoproteins was examined longitudinally at 6-week intervals for 2-3 years in pre-menopausal women undergoing the menopause. Serum lipid and lipoprotein profiles were also examined cross-sectionally in 4 groups of pre-menopausal, peri-menopausal and post-menopausal women, who were followed up longitudinally at 3-monthly examinations for 1-2 years. The results covering 1360 examinations and 270 woman-years are reported here. Serum concentrations of total cholesterol (P = 0.001), low-density-lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (P = 0.001) and triglycerides (P less than 0.05) increased significantly as a consequence of the menopause and all increases occurred within 6 months of cessation of menstrual periods. High-density-lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol decreased significantly (P less than 0.05) as a consequence of the menopause, but the decline occurred gradually over the 2 years preceding cessation of menses. In addition to the menopausal changes, serum concentrations of total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol increased gradually in the pre-menopausal and post-menopausal years, but were significantly related to biological age only in the pre-menopausal groups (P less than 0.05). Serum triglycerides and HDL-cholesterol levels remained virtually unchanged in the pre-menopausal as well as the post-menopausal groups and were only influenced by the actual menopause. Serum lipids and lipoproteins are thus significantly altered as a consequence of the menopause. The result is a more atherogenic lipid profile which may partly explain the increased risk of cardiovascular disease observed in post-menopausal women.
对处于绝经过程中的绝经前女性，以6周为间隔进行了2至3年的纵向研究，以考察绝经对血清脂质和脂蛋白的影响。还对4组绝经前、围绝经期和绝经后女性进行了横断面血清脂质和脂蛋白谱检查，并对她们每3个月进行一次纵向随访，为期1至2年。本文报告了涵盖1360次检查和270人年的研究结果。绝经导致总胆固醇（P = 0.001）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL）胆固醇（P = 0.001）和甘油三酯（P < 0.05）的血清浓度显著升高，且所有升高均发生在月经停止后的6个月内。绝经导致高密度脂蛋白（HDL）胆固醇显著降低（P < （此处原文有误，推测为P < 0.05）），但这种下降在月经停止前的2年中逐渐发生。除了绝经带来的变化外，总胆固醇和LDL胆固醇的血清浓度在绝经前和绝经后年份中逐渐升高，但仅在绝经前组中与生物学年龄显著相关（P < 0.05）。绝经前组和绝经后组的血清甘油三酯和HDL胆固醇水平基本保持不变，且仅受实际绝经的影响。因此，绝经会显著改变血清脂质和脂蛋白。结果是形成了更易致动脉粥样硬化的脂质谱，这可能部分解释了绝经后女性心血管疾病风险增加的现象。
