Department of Health Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, PO Box 196, 9700 AD Groningen, The Netherlands.
Int J Nurs Stud. 2011 Jul;48(7):838-46. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2010.12.008. Epub 2011 Jan 19.
Sickness absence is an important problem in healthcare that affects the quality of care. Sickness absence has been related to coping strategies. Problem-focused coping was shown to be associated with low sickness absence and emotion-focused coping with high sickness absence among postal workers.
This study investigated the relationship between coping styles and sickness absence in healthcare.
Prospective study linking self-rated coping styles at baseline with the number of episodes of sickness absence during one year of follow-up.
Somatic hospital employing 1,153 persons.
Convenience sample of 566 female nurses working in the hospital's clinical wards and outpatient clinic. Of these, 386 (68%) nurses had complete data for analysis.
The nurses completed a questionnaire at baseline with items on health, work, and coping styles. Three styles of coping were defined: problem-solving coping (i.e., looking for opportunities to solve a problem), social coping (i.e., seeking social support in solving a problem), and palliative avoidant coping (i.e., seeking distraction and avoiding problems). Sickness absence data were retrieved from the hospital's register in the following year. The association between the coping styles and the number of both short (1-7 days) and long (>7 days) episodes of sickness absence was assessed by Poisson regression analyses with age, work hours per week, general health, mental health, and effort-reward [ER] ratio as covariates.
Problem-solving coping was negatively associated with the number of long episodes of sickness absence (rate ratio [RR] = 0.78, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.64-0.95). Social coping was negatively associated with the number of both short episodes (RR = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.79-0.97) and long episodes (RR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.64-0.97) of sickness absence. After adjustment for the ER-ratio, the associations of coping with short episodes of sickness absence strengthened and associations with long episodes weakened, however, significance was lost for both types of sickness absence. Palliative avoidant coping was not associated with sickness absence among female hospital nurses.
Problem-solving coping and social coping styles were associated with less sickness absence among female nurses working in hospital care. Nurse managers may use this knowledge and reduce sickness absence and understaffing by stimulating problem-solving strategies and social support within nursing teams.
缺勤是医疗保健中的一个重要问题，会影响医疗质量。缺勤与应对策略有关。在邮递员中，问题聚焦应对与低缺勤率有关，而情绪聚焦应对与高缺勤率有关。
本研究调查了应对方式与医疗保健缺勤之间的关系。
将基线自评应对方式与一年随访期间缺勤次数相关联的前瞻性研究。
雇用 1153 人的综合医院。
在医院临床病房和门诊工作的便利样本，566 名女性护士。其中，386 名（68%）护士有完整数据进行分析。
护士在基线时完成一份问卷，内容包括健康、工作和应对方式。确定了三种应对方式：解决问题的应对方式（即寻找解决问题的机会）、社会应对方式（即在解决问题时寻求社会支持）和姑息回避应对方式（即寻求分心和避免问题）。次年从医院登记处检索缺勤数据。使用泊松回归分析，以年龄、每周工作小时数、一般健康状况、心理健康和努力-回报[ER]比为协变量，评估应对方式与短（1-7 天）和长（>7 天）缺勤次数的关系。
解决问题的应对方式与长缺勤次数呈负相关（比率比[RR] = 0.78，95%置信区间[CI] = 0.64-0.95）。社会应对与短（RR = 0.88，95% CI = 0.79-0.97）和长（RR = 0.79，95% CI = 0.64-0.97）缺勤次数均呈负相关。调整 ER 比后，应对方式与短缺勤次数的关联增强，与长缺勤次数的关联减弱，但两种类型的缺勤均失去了统计学意义。姑息回避应对方式与女性医院护士的缺勤无关。
解决问题的应对方式和社会应对方式与医院护理女性护士的缺勤率较低有关。护士管理人员可以利用这一知识，通过在护理团队中激发解决问题的策略和社会支持来减少缺勤和人员不足。
