Chang Esther M L, Bidewell John W, Huntington Annette D, Daly John, Johnson Amanda, Wilson Helen, Lambert Vicki A, Lambert Clinton E
School of Nursing, University of Western Sydney, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith South DC, NSW 1797, Australia.
Int J Nurs Stud. 2007 Nov;44(8):1354-62. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2006.06.003. Epub 2006 Aug 9.
Previous research has identified international and cultural differences in nurses' workplace stress and coping responses. We hypothesised an association between problem-focused coping and improved health, emotion-focused coping with reduced health, and more frequent workplace stress with reduced health.
Test the above hypotheses with Australian and New Zealand nurses, and compare Australian and New Zealand nurses' experience of workplace stress, coping and health status.
Three hundred and twenty-eight New South Wales (NSW) and 190 New Zealand (NZ) volunteer acute care hospital nurses (response rate 41%) from randomly sampled nurses.
Postal survey consisting of a demographic questionnaire, the Nursing Stress Scale, the WAYS of Coping Questionnaire and the SF-36 Health Survey Version 2.
Consistent with hypotheses, more frequent workplace stress predicted lower physical and mental health. Problem-focused coping was associated with better mental health. Emotion-focused coping was associated with reduced mental health. Contrary to hypotheses, coping styles did not predict physical health. NSW and NZ scored effectively the same on sources of workplace stress, stress coping methods, and physical and mental health when controlling for relevant variables.
Results suggest mental health benefits for nurses who use problem-solving to cope with stress by addressing the external source of the stress, rather than emotion-focused coping in which nurses try to control or manage their internal response to stress. Cultural similarities and similar hospital environments could account for equivalent findings for NSW and NZ.
先前的研究已经确定了护士工作场所压力及应对反应中的国际差异和文化差异。我们假设，以问题为中心的应对方式与健康状况改善相关，以情绪为中心的应对方式与健康状况下降相关，工作场所压力越频繁，健康状况越差。
对澳大利亚和新西兰的护士进行上述假设检验，并比较澳大利亚和新西兰护士在工作场所压力、应对方式和健康状况方面的经历。
从新南威尔士州（NSW）随机抽取的328名和新西兰（NZ）随机抽取的190名志愿急症护理医院护士（回复率41%）。
邮寄调查问卷，包括一份人口统计学问卷、护理压力量表、应对方式问卷和SF-36健康调查第2版。
与假设一致，工作场所压力越频繁，预示着身心健康水平越低。以问题为中心的应对方式与更好的心理健康相关。以情绪为中心的应对方式与心理健康状况下降相关。与假设相反，应对方式并不能预测身体健康状况。在控制相关变量后，新南威尔士州和新西兰在工作场所压力源、压力应对方法以及身心健康方面的得分实际上相同。
结果表明，对于那些通过解决压力的外部来源来应对压力的护士，即采用解决问题的方式而非以情绪为中心的应对方式（护士试图控制或管理自己对压力的内在反应），心理健康状况会更好。文化相似性和相似的医院环境可能是新南威尔士州和新西兰得出相同结果的原因。
