Framingham Heart Study, Boston University School of Medicine, 73 Mount Wayte Avenue, Framingham, MA 01702, USA.
Cardiol Res Pract. 2010 Dec 28;2011:820457. doi: 10.4061/2011/820457.
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its predisposing risk factors are major lifestyle and behavioral determinants of longevity. Dietary lifestyle choices such as a heart healthy diet, regular exercise, a lean weight, moderate alcohol consumption, and smoking cessation have been shown to substantially reduce CVD and increase longevity. Recent research has shown that men and women who adhere to this lifestyle can substantially reduce their risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). The preventive benefits of maintaining a healthy lifestyle exceed those reported for using medication and procedures. Among the modifiable preventive measures, diet is of paramount importance, and recent data suggest some misconceptions and uncertainties that require reconsideration. These include commonly accepted recommendations about polyunsaturated fat intake, processed meat consumption, fish choices and preparation, transfatty acids, low carbohydrate diets, egg consumption, coffee, added sugar, soft drink beverages, glycemic load, chocolate, orange juice, nut consumption, vitamin D supplements, food portion size, and alcohol.
心血管疾病（CVD）及其致病风险因素是影响长寿的主要生活方式和行为决定因素。饮食生活方式的选择，如健康饮食、定期锻炼、保持健康体重、适量饮酒和戒烟，已被证明可显著降低 CVD 风险并延长寿命。最近的研究表明，坚持这种生活方式的男性和女性可以大大降低患冠心病（CHD）的风险。保持健康生活方式的预防益处超过了药物和手术治疗的益处。在可改变的预防措施中，饮食至关重要，最近的数据表明存在一些需要重新考虑的误解和不确定性。这些包括关于多不饱和脂肪摄入、加工肉类消费、鱼类选择和准备、反式脂肪酸、低碳水化合物饮食、鸡蛋消费、咖啡、添加糖、软饮料、血糖负荷、巧克力、橙汁、坚果消费、维生素 D 补充剂、食物份量和酒精的常见建议。
