Department of Parasitology and Zoology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Szent István University, Budapest, Hungary.
Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2011 Jul;11(7):823-34. doi: 10.1089/vbz.2010.0186. Epub 2011 Jan 22.
Hungary is regarded as free of leishmaniasis because only a few imported cases have been reported. However, southern Hungary has a sub-Mediterranean climate, and so it was included in the EU FP6 EDEN project, which aimed to map the northern limits of canine leishmaniasis (CanL) in Europe. The numbers of traveling and imported dogs have increased in the last decade, raising concerns about the introduction of CanL caused by Leishmania infantum. Serum samples were collected from 725 dogs (22 localities, 6 counties) that had never traveled to endemic countries, as well as from other potential reservoir hosts (185 red foxes and 13 golden jackals). All sera were tested by the indirect fluorescent antibody test, but they were sero-negative using the OIE cut-off of 1:80 serum dilution except for those of two dogs resident since birth in southern Hungary. These had not received a blood transfusion, but the mode of transmission is unclear because no sandfly vectors were caught locally. From 2006 to 2009, phlebotomine sandflies were sampled in the summer months at 47 localities of 8 counties. They were trapped with castor-oil-impregnated sticky-paper, light, and CO(2)-baited traps. Small numbers of two vectors of Leishmania infantum were found. Phlebotomus neglectus occurred in three villages near to Croatia and one in north Hungary at latitude 47 °N, and Phlebotomus perfiliewi perfiliewi was trapped at two sites in a southeastern county close to the sites where it was first found in 1931-1932. Our report provides baseline data for future investigations into the northward spread of CanL into Hungary, which we conclude has yet to occur.
匈牙利被认为没有利什曼病，因为只报告了少数输入性病例。然而，匈牙利南部具有亚热带气候，因此被纳入欧盟 FP6 EDEN 项目，该项目旨在绘制欧洲犬利什曼病（CanL）的北方界限。在过去十年中，旅行和输入的犬只数量有所增加，这引起了人们对由利什曼原虫引起的 CanL 传入的担忧。从从未前往流行地区的 725 只犬（22 个地点，6 个县）以及其他潜在的储存宿主（185 只红狐和 13 只金豺）中采集血清样本。所有血清均通过间接荧光抗体试验进行检测，但除了 2 只自出生以来一直居住在匈牙利南部的犬只外，所有血清均为血清阴性，这两只犬只的血清稀释度为 1：80，而 OIE 截断值为 1：80。这些犬只没有接受过输血，但由于当地没有捕获到沙蝇媒介，传播方式尚不清楚。从 2006 年到 2009 年，在 8 个县的 47 个地点的夏季月份采集了白蛉样本。它们使用涂有蓖麻油的粘性纸、灯光和 CO（2）诱饵陷阱进行捕获。发现了两种利什曼原虫的少量载体。在靠近克罗地亚的三个村庄和匈牙利北部的一个村庄发现了数量较少的白蛉 neglectus，在靠近其于 1931-1932 年首次发现的地点的东南部一个县的两个地点捕获了 Phlebotomus perfiliewi perfiliewi。我们的报告为未来对 CanL 向匈牙利北部传播的调查提供了基线数据，我们的结论是这种传播尚未发生。
