Reed Phil, Clark Charlotte
Department of Psychology, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, Wales, UK.
Learn Behav. 2011 May;39(2):163-70. doi: 10.3758/s13420-010-0014-2.
In the present study, we investigated the degree to which responding would resurge in children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) following an intervening training period comprising different schedules of reinforcement. Twenty-four children of the ages 7-15, with a diagnosis of an ASD, were taught a play a sequence on a variable ratio- (VR) 3 schedule of reinforcement, during a 30-min session. The play sequence was then extinguished before the participants were taught a second play sequence, using a VR-4 schedule for 30 min, a VR-4 schedule for 60 min, or a VR-2 schedule for 30 min. A 5-min extinction session was then conducted to determine the impact that the intervening schedules had on the resurgence of the original behavior. The original sequence resurged to a greater extent for Group VR-4 30 min than it did for the other two groups. The results provide evidence that the length of time between initial training and testing is not a prime determinant of the level of resurgence, but that the amount of conditioning may play a stronger role: The greater the number of reinforcers received, the smaller the resurgence effect.
在本研究中，我们调查了在一段包含不同强化时间表的干预训练期之后，被诊断为自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）的儿童的反应复发程度。24名年龄在7至15岁、被诊断患有ASD的儿童，在30分钟的训练时段内，按照可变比率（VR）为3的强化时间表，学习了一个游戏序列。然后在参与者学习第二个游戏序列之前，先对该游戏序列进行消退训练，第二个游戏序列的训练分别采用VR - 4时间表持续30分钟、VR - 4时间表持续60分钟或VR - 2时间表持续30分钟。随后进行了一个5分钟的消退训练时段，以确定干预时间表对原始行为复发的影响。相比于其他两组，VR - 4 30分钟组的原始序列复发程度更高。结果表明，初始训练和测试之间的时间长度并非复发水平的主要决定因素，而条件作用的量可能起着更强的作用：获得的强化物数量越多，复发效应越小。
