McHugh Louise, Procter Jonathan, Herzog Michaela, Schock Anne-Kathrin, Reed Phil
Department of Psychology, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK.
Learn Behav. 2012 Dec;40(4):405-15. doi: 10.3758/s13420-011-0062-2.
In the present experiments, we investigated the effects of mindfulness on behavioral extinction and resurgence. Participants received instrumental training; either they received FI training (Experiment 1), or they were trained to emit high rates and low rates of response via exposure to a multiple VR yoked-VI schedule prior to exposure to a multiple FI FI schedule in order to alter their rates of responding learned during Experiment 2. Participants were then exposed to either a focused- (mindfulness) or an unfocused-attention induction task. All participants were finally exposed to an extinction schedule in order to determine whether a mindfulness induction task presented immediately prior to extinction training affected extinction (Experiment 1) and behavioral resurgence (Experiment 2). During the extinction phase, the rates of responding were higher in the control group than in the mindfulness group, indicating that the mindfulness group was more sensitive to the contingencies and, thus, their prior performance extinguished more readily (Experiment 1). Moreover, rates of response in the extinction components less precisely reflected previous training in the mindfulness group, suggesting less resurgence of past behaviors after the mindfulness induction (Experiment 2).
在当前实验中，我们研究了正念对行为消退和复发的影响。参与者接受了工具性训练；他们要么接受固定间隔训练（实验1），要么在接触多重固定间隔固定间隔日程安排之前，通过接触多重可变比率匹配固定间隔日程安排，被训练以高反应率和低反应率做出反应，以便改变他们在实验2中习得的反应率。然后，参与者被暴露于聚焦（正念）或非聚焦注意诱导任务中。最后，所有参与者都接受了消退日程安排，以确定在消退训练之前立即呈现的正念诱导任务是否会影响消退（实验1）和行为复发（实验2）。在消退阶段，对照组的反应率高于正念组，这表明正念组对意外情况更敏感，因此，他们之前的表现更容易消退（实验1）。此外，正念组中消退成分的反应率不太准确地反映了之前的训练，这表明在正念诱导后过去行为的复发较少（实验2）。
