Department of Psychology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
Mem Cognit. 2011 May;39(4):725-35. doi: 10.3758/s13421-010-0046-z.
Studies of recognition typically involve tests in which the participant's memory for a stimulus is directly questioned. There are occasions however, in which memory occurs more spontaneously (e.g., an acquaintance seeming familiar out of context). Spontaneous recognition was investigated in a novel paradigm involving study of pictures and words followed by recognition judgments on stimuli with an old or new word superimposed over an old or new picture. Participants were instructed to make their recognition decision on either the picture or word and to ignore the distracting stimulus. Spontaneous recognition was measured as the influence of old vs. new distracters on target recognition. Across two experiments, older adults and younger adults placed under divided-attention showed a greater tendency to spontaneously recognize old distracters as compared to full-attention younger adults. The occurrence of spontaneous recognition is discussed in relation to ability to constrain retrieval to goal-relevant information.
研究识别通常涉及参与者对刺激物的记忆直接被提问的测试。然而，也有记忆更自发发生的情况（例如，一个熟人在没有上下文的情况下看起来很熟悉）。在一个新的范式中研究了自发识别，该范式涉及对图片和单词的学习，然后对刺激物进行识别判断，将旧词或新词叠加在旧图片或新图片上。参与者被指示根据图片或单词做出识别决策，并忽略干扰刺激。自发识别是通过旧干扰物与新干扰物对目标识别的影响来衡量的。在两项实验中，与全神贯注的年轻成年人相比，处于分散注意力状态的老年人和年轻成年人更容易自发地识别旧干扰物。自发识别的发生与能够将检索限制在与目标相关的信息有关，这一点在讨论中进行了讨论。
