Lustig Cindy, Hasher Lynn, Tonev Simon T
Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, 530 Church Street, Ann Arbor 48109-1043, USA.
Psychon Bull Rev. 2006 Aug;13(4):619-25. doi: 10.3758/bf03193972.
Processing speed is often described as a fundamental resource determining individual (e.g., I.Q.) and group (e.g., developmental) differences in cognition. However, most tests that measure speed present many items on a single page. Because many groups with slowed responding are also distractible, we compared younger and older adults on high-distraction (i.e., standard) versus low-distraction versions of two classic speed tasks. Reducing distraction improved the performance of older adults but had little or no effect on younger adults, suggesting that the ability to limit attentional access to task-relevant information can affect performance on tests designed to measure processing speed.
处理速度通常被描述为一种基本资源，它决定了个体（如智商）和群体（如发展过程中的）认知差异。然而，大多数测量速度的测试在单页上呈现许多项目。由于许多反应较慢的群体也容易分心，我们将年轻人和老年人在两个经典速度任务的高干扰（即标准）版本与低干扰版本上进行了比较。减少干扰提高了老年人的表现，但对年轻人几乎没有影响，这表明限制对任务相关信息的注意力获取能力会影响旨在测量处理速度的测试的表现。
