Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
J Nutr. 2011 Mar;141(3):490-4. doi: 10.3945/jn.110.129973. Epub 2011 Jan 26.
Children throughout the world are confronted with growth problems ranging from underweight and stunting to overweight and obesity. The development of healthy eating behaviors depends on both healthy food and responsive parenting behaviors. With origins from anthropology, psychology, and nutrition, responsive parenting reflects reciprocity between child and caregiver, conceptualized as a 4-step mutually responsive process: 1) the caregiver creates a routine, structure, expectations, and emotional context that promote interaction; 2) the child responds and signals to the caregiver; 3) the caregiver responds promptly in a manner that is emotionally supportive, contingent, and developmentally appropriate; and 4) the child experiences predictable responses. This paper examines evidence for the practice and developmental benefits of responsive parenting with a view to providing a theoretical basis for responsive feeding. Recommendations are made that future efforts to promote healthy growth and to prevent underweight and overweight among young children incorporate and evaluate responsive feeding.
世界各地的儿童都面临着各种成长问题，从体重过轻和发育迟缓到超重和肥胖。健康饮食习惯的养成既取决于健康的食物，也取决于育儿行为的回应性。回应性育儿行为起源于人类学、心理学和营养学，反映了儿童和照料者之间的相互作用，被概念化为一个 4 步相互回应的过程：1. 照料者创造一个常规、结构、期望和情感环境，以促进互动；2. 儿童对照料者做出回应并发出信号；3. 照料者以情感支持、适当和与发展阶段相适应的方式及时做出回应；4. 儿童体验到可预测的回应。本文探讨了回应性育儿实践和发展益处的证据，旨在为回应性喂养提供理论基础。建议未来在促进幼儿健康成长和预防体重过轻和超重方面的努力中纳入和评估回应性喂养。
