Angaji S Abdolhamid, Hedayati Sara Sadate, Poor Reihane Hosein, Madani Safoura, Poor Sanaz Samad, Panahi Samin
Department of Biology, Tarbiat Moallem University, 31979-37551, Tehran, Iran.
J Genet. 2010 Dec;89(4):527-37. doi: 10.1007/s12041-010-0073-3.
Gene silencing can occur either through repression of transcription, termed transcriptional gene silencing (TGS), or through translation repression andmRNA degradation, termed posttranscriptional gene silencing (PTGS). PTGS results from sequence-specific mRNA degradation in the cytoplasm without dramatic changes in transcription of corresponding gene in nucleus. Both TGS and PTGS are used to regulate endogenous genes. Interestingly, mechanisms for gene silencing also protect the genome from transposons and viruses. In this paper, we first review RNAi mechanism and then focus on some of its applications in biomedical research such as treatment for HIV, viral hepatitis, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, metabolic disease, neurodegenerative disorders and cancer.
基因沉默可以通过转录抑制发生，称为转录基因沉默（TGS），也可以通过翻译抑制和mRNA降解发生，称为转录后基因沉默（PTGS）。PTGS是由细胞质中序列特异性的mRNA降解引起的，而细胞核中相应基因的转录没有显著变化。TGS和PTGS都用于调节内源基因。有趣的是，基因沉默机制还能保护基因组免受转座子和病毒的侵害。在本文中，我们首先综述RNAi机制，然后重点介绍其在生物医学研究中的一些应用，如治疗HIV、病毒性肝炎、心脑血管疾病、代谢疾病、神经退行性疾病和癌症。
