Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
Neurotherapeutics. 2011 Jan;8(1):63-71. doi: 10.1007/s13311-010-0011-3.
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a motor neuron disease characterized by progressive degeneration of upper motor neurons (UMN) and lower motor neurons (LMN). While LMN dysfunction can be confirmed by electromyography (EMG) and muscle biopsy, UMN involvement is more difficult to detect, particularly in the early phase. Objective and sensitive measures of UMN dysfunction are needed for early diagnosis and monitoring of disease progression and therapeutic efficacy. Advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques, such as diffusion, perfusion, magnetization transfer imaging, functional MRI, and MR spectroscopy, provide insight into the pathophysiological processes of ALS and may have a role in the identification and monitoring of UMN pathology. This article provides an overview of these neuroimaging techniques and their potential roles in ALS.
肌萎缩侧索硬化症（ALS）是一种运动神经元疾病，其特征是上运动神经元（UMN）和下运动神经元（LMN）的进行性退化。虽然肌电图（EMG）和肌肉活检可以证实 LMN 功能障碍，但 UMN 受累更难检测，尤其是在早期阶段。需要客观、敏感的 UMN 功能障碍测量方法来进行早期诊断、监测疾病进展和治疗效果。高级磁共振成像（MRI）技术，如弥散、灌注、磁化转移成像、功能 MRI 和磁共振波谱，可深入了解 ALS 的病理生理过程，并可能在识别和监测 UMN 病变方面发挥作用。本文综述了这些神经影像学技术及其在 ALS 中的潜在作用。
