Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
J Appl Microbiol. 2011 May;110(5):1129-37. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2011.04954.x. Epub 2011 Mar 10.
Sewage systems are important nodes to monitor enteric pathogens transmitted via water. The aim of this study was to assess the presence of rotaviruses in effluents from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and receiving streams in Beijing, China, to evaluate the reductions of rotaviruses in WWTPs and to provide viral fate and transport data for further epidemiological studies.
Two PCR-based methods, including an RT-qPCR and another quantitative RT-PCR (ICC-RT-qPCR), which was integrated with cell culturing, were applied to conduct a 1-year monitoring of infectious rotaviruses and viral genes in effluents from three WWTPs and the receiving waters in Beijing, China. The ICC-RT-qPCR was able to detect more positive samples than RT-qPCR, showing positive results for 67% of primary effluents, 47% of secondary effluents and 14% of tertiary effluents, in comparison with 44, 22 and 6% by RT-qPCR, respectively. Seasonal variations of rotaviruses were observed in all effluents with higher occurrences in winter than in summer, which correlated well with the seasonal pattern of rotaviruses in the river receiving wastewater effluents. The reduction efficiencies by different treatment processes were assessed. Secondary treatments can remove most of infectious rotaviruses in primary sewage, with annual average reduction values of 2·08 ± 0·63, 2·83 ± 0·49 and 2·00 ± 1·10 log(10) for the three WWTPs, respectively. Tertiary treatments were able to further remove infectious rotaviruses.
The results showed a year-round distribution of rotaviruses in three WWTPs in Beijing and provided important information regarding the transport and susceptibility of rotaviruses to different levels of wastewater treatment processes.
This study, for the first time, revealed the whole year prevalence and reductions of rotaviruses in WWTPs and the corresponding receiving waters in China, and demonstrated the impact of wastewater discharge on the potential spreading of infectious rotaviruses and public health.
污水系统是监测通过水传播的肠道病原体的重要节点。本研究的目的是评估中国北京污水处理厂（WWTP）和受纳水体中轮状病毒的存在情况，评估 WWTP 中轮状病毒的减少情况，并为进一步的流行病学研究提供病毒归宿和迁移数据。
本研究应用两种基于 PCR 的方法，包括 RT-qPCR 和另一种与细胞培养相结合的定量 RT-PCR（ICC-RT-qPCR），对中国北京 3 个 WWTP 出水和受纳水体中传染性轮状病毒和病毒基因进行了为期 1 年的监测。ICC-RT-qPCR 比 RT-qPCR 能检测到更多的阳性样本，对原水的阳性检出率为 67%，二级出水的阳性检出率为 47%，三级出水的阳性检出率为 14%，而 RT-qPCR 的检出率分别为 44%、22%和 6%。所有出水中均观察到轮状病毒的季节性变化，冬季的发生率高于夏季，与受纳废水的河流轮状病毒季节性模式吻合良好。评估了不同处理工艺的去除效率。二级处理可去除原污水中大部分传染性轮状病毒，三个 WWTP 的年平均去除率分别为 2.08±0.63、2.83±0.49 和 2.00±1.10log(10)。三级处理能进一步去除传染性轮状病毒。
结果表明，北京三个 WWTP 全年均有轮状病毒分布，并提供了有关轮状病毒在不同水平的污水处理工艺中的传输和易感性的重要信息。
本研究首次揭示了中国 WWTP 及其相应受纳水体中轮状病毒的全年流行情况和减少情况，证明了污水排放对传染性轮状病毒传播和公共卫生的潜在影响。
