Stop TB Partnership & Stop TB Department, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2011 Jan;15(1):6-13.
The promotion of research is one of the main components of the World Health Organizations Stop TB Strategy, which includes 'programme-based operational research (OR)' and 'research on introducing new tools into practice'. The importance of OR in improving tuberculosis (TB) control was recognised a long time ago, and historical OR studies have been instrumental in the development of major strategies for TB control. Although a growing number of OR projects are being conducted in the world today, little is known about their results or their likely impact on TB control programmes. As funding organisations increasingly recognise the need for OR, we propose a rational framework to conduct OR, which covers a spectrum from local setting-oriented to international policy guiding research, and determines the relevance, replicability and generalisability of the results. OR in TB control is aimed at 1) improving programme performance; 2) assessing the feasibility, effectiveness and impact of new strategies or interventions on TB control; and 3) collecting evidence to guide policy recommendations on specific interventions. This requires strengthened capacity to plan and conduct OR in low-income countries and appropriate support to conduct both nationally and internationally led OR projects. Suggestions are made for potential steps for improved purpose-driven OR, which may help to improve TB control locally and inform policy recommendations internationally.
研究推广是世界卫生组织遏制结核病战略的主要组成部分之一，其中包括“基于规划的业务研究（OR）”和“研究将新工具引入实践”。OR 在改善结核病（TB）控制方面的重要性早已得到认可，历史上的 OR 研究为结核病控制的主要战略的制定做出了重要贡献。尽管如今全球开展了越来越多的 OR 项目，但对于这些项目的结果或对结核病控制规划可能产生的影响却知之甚少。随着资助组织越来越认识到 OR 的必要性，我们提出了一个合理的框架来开展 OR，涵盖了从面向当地情况的研究到国际政策指导研究的一系列研究，同时确定了研究结果的相关性、可重复性和普遍性。结核病控制中的 OR 旨在：1）改善规划绩效；2）评估新策略或干预措施对结核病控制的可行性、有效性和影响；3）收集证据，为特定干预措施提供政策建议。这需要加强在低收入国家规划和开展 OR 的能力，并为开展国家和国际主导的 OR 项目提供适当支持。文中就如何改进有针对性的 OR 提出了一些建议，这可能有助于改善当地的结核病控制，并为国际政策建议提供信息。
