School of Psychological Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK.
Clin Psychol Rev. 2011 Jun;31(4):563-91. doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2010.12.007. Epub 2011 Jan 12.
Recent years have seen a growing interest into resilience to suicidality, which has been described as a perception or set of beliefs which buffer individuals from suicidality in the face of stressors. The current review extends this research by introducing the buffering hypothesis, a framework for the investigation of resilience to suicidality. The key proposal of this is that psychological resilience factors should be viewed as existing on a separate dimension to risk which acts to moderate the impact of risk on suicidality. Furthermore, like risk factors, resilience factors are bipolar, with their positive pole conferring resilience and their negative pole acting to amplify suicidality. Seventy-seven studies were identified which investigated (a) whether psychological moderators of risk exist and (b) the particular psychological constructs which may act as moderators. The review found strong support for the existence of psychological moderators and indicated a moderating impact of attributional style, perfectionism, agency and hopelessness. These findings support the buffering hypothesis and suggest that a range of psychological factors may confer resilience to suicidality. These results suggest that the identification of moderators may improve estimates of suicide risk and that the development of buffering factors could be a key focus of suicide interventions.
近年来，人们对自杀韧性的兴趣日益浓厚，自杀韧性被描述为一种感知或信念体系，它可以缓冲个体在面对压力源时的自杀倾向。本综述通过引入缓冲假设扩展了这一研究，缓冲假设是一种研究自杀韧性的框架。该假设的关键观点是，心理韧性因素应该被视为与风险因素不同的维度，它可以调节风险对自杀倾向的影响。此外，与风险因素一样，韧性因素也是两极的，其正极赋予韧性，负极则放大自杀倾向。本综述共确定了 77 项研究，这些研究调查了：(a) 风险的心理调节因素是否存在；以及 (b) 可能作为调节因素的特定心理结构。研究结果强烈支持心理调节因素的存在，并表明归因风格、完美主义、能动性和绝望感具有调节作用。这些发现支持了缓冲假设，并表明一系列心理因素可能赋予个体自杀韧性。这些结果表明，识别调节因素可以提高自杀风险的估计，而缓冲因素的发展可能是自杀干预的一个关键重点。
