Department of Psychosomatic Research, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawa-higashi Kodaira-City, Tokyo, 187-8553, Japan.
Biopsychosoc Med. 2011 Jan 31;5(1):2. doi: 10.1186/1751-0759-5-2.
The Levels of Emotional Awareness Scale (LEAS) was developed to assess five levels of emotional awareness: bodily sensations, action tendencies, single emotions, blends of emotion, and combinations of blends. It is a paper and pencil performance questionnaire that presents 20 emotion-evoking scenes. We developed a Japanese version of the LEAS (LEAS-J), and its reliability and validity were examined.
The LEAS-J level was independently assessed by two researchers who scored each response according to the LEAS scoring manual. High inter-rater reliability and internal consistency were obtained for the LEAS-J. Measures were socioeconomic status, LEAS-J, Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20 (TAS-20), Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI), and NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI). TAS-20, IRI and NEO-FFI were the measures used to explore the construct validity of LEAS-J, as it was predicted that higher scores on the LEAS-J would be related to fewer alexithymic features, greater empathetic ability, and a greater sense of cooperation with others. Questionnaires were completed by 344 university students.
The criterion-referenced validity was determined: a significant negative relationship was found with the externally-oriented thinking scores of TAS-20, and positive relationships were found with fantasy, perspective taking, and empathic concern on IRI and with extraversion, openness to experience, and agreeableness on NEO-FFI.
Consistent with our expectations, the findings provide evidence that the LEAS-J has good reliability and validity. In addition, women had significantly higher scores than men on LEAS-J, showing that the gender difference identified in the original LEAS was cross-culturally consistent.
情感意识水平量表（LEAS）旨在评估五个层次的情感意识：身体感觉、行为倾向、单一情绪、情绪混合以及情绪混合组合。这是一种纸笔表现问卷，呈现 20 个引发情绪的场景。我们开发了 LEAS 的日语版本（LEAS-J），并检验了其信度和效度。
LEAS-J 水平由两位研究人员独立评估，他们根据 LEAS 评分手册对每个回答进行评分。LEAS-J 获得了较高的评分者间信度和内部一致性。评估工具包括社会经济地位、LEAS-J、多伦多述情障碍量表-20 版（TAS-20）、人际反应性指数（IRI）和 NEO 五因素人格量表（NEO-FFI）。TAS-20、IRI 和 NEO-FFI 用于探索 LEAS-J 的结构效度，因为预测 LEAS-J 的得分越高，与更少的述情障碍特征、更强的同理心能力以及与他人更好的合作感相关。共有 344 名大学生完成了问卷。
确定了效标参照效度：与 TAS-20 的外向思维得分呈显著负相关，与 IRI 的幻想、换位思考和共情关怀以及 NEO-FFI 的外向性、经验开放性和宜人性呈正相关。
与我们的预期一致，研究结果提供了证据表明，LEAS-J 具有良好的信度和效度。此外，女性在 LEAS-J 上的得分显著高于男性，表明在原始 LEAS 中发现的性别差异在跨文化上是一致的。
