儿童和青少年焦虑症的药物治疗

Pharmacotherapy for anxiety disorders in children and adolescents.

作者信息

Kodish Ian, Rockhill Carol, Ryan Sheryl, Varley Chris

机构信息

Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA 98105, USA.

出版信息

Pediatr Clin North Am. 2011 Feb;58(1):55-72, x. doi: 10.1016/j.pcl.2010.10.002.

DOI:10.1016/j.pcl.2010.10.002

PMID:21281848

Abstract

Anxiety disorders comprise the most prevalent mental health disorders among children and adults. Psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy are effective in improving clinical impairments from anxiety disorders and maintaining these improvements. This article discusses how to obtain a suitable diagnosis for anxiety disorders in youth for implementing appropriate treatments, focusing on the evidence base for pharmacologic treatment. Clinical guidelines are discussed, including Food and Drug Administration indications and off-label use of medications, and considerations for special populations and youth with comorbidities are highlighted. Findings suggest moderate effectiveness of medication, particularly selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, in the treatment of anxiety disorders in youth.

摘要

焦虑症是儿童和成人中最普遍的心理健康障碍。心理治疗和药物治疗在改善焦虑症导致的临床损害以及维持这些改善方面是有效的。本文讨论如何对青少年焦虑症进行恰当诊断以实施合适的治疗，重点关注药物治疗的循证依据。文中讨论了临床指南，包括美国食品药品监督管理局的用药指征和药物的非标签使用，并强调了针对特殊人群和患有合并症青少年的注意事项。研究结果表明，药物治疗，尤其是选择性5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂，在治疗青少年焦虑症方面有一定疗效。