Can Fam Physician. 1983 Apr;29:787-93.
Invasive squamous carcinoma of the cervix is preceded by a series of premalignant changes described as mild, moderate, or severe dysplasia, and carcinoma in situ. These premalignant states are identified by cervical cytology, diagnosed by colposcopy and if effectively treated, can prevent invasive squamous carcinoma of the cervix. Because of the apparent biological variation of the premalignant states, even the most aggressive cervical screening program cannot be expected to eliminate all invasive squamous cancer of the cervix. Optimal results of a cervical screening program will be achieved when all women under 35 years of age and sexually active have an annual cytological smear; the cytology is screened by a laboratory with high quality control; the patient's positive cytology is accurately assessed by an experienced colposcopist, and the premalignant lesion is effectively treated.
宫颈浸润性鳞癌之前存在一系列癌前病变，包括轻度、中度和重度不典型增生以及原位癌。这些癌前状态可通过宫颈细胞学检查识别，通过阴道镜检查诊断，如果得到有效治疗，可预防宫颈浸润性鳞癌的发生。由于癌前状态的明显生物学变异，即使是最积极的宫颈筛查计划也不能期望消除所有宫颈浸润性鳞癌。当所有 35 岁以下和有性生活的女性每年进行一次细胞学涂片检查；细胞学由具有高质量控制的实验室进行筛查；经验丰富的阴道镜医生准确评估患者的阳性细胞学结果，并有效治疗癌前病变时，宫颈筛查计划将取得最佳效果。
