University of Sydney, 2006, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Mem Cognit. 1976 Jan;4(1):6-10. doi: 10.3758/BF03213248.
Two experiments investigated the hypothesis that short-term visual memory is based primarily on physical features of the visual input. Subjects were required to recall visually presented figures or the names of those figures presented either visually or aurally at a number of different retention intervals. Subjects shadowed words during the retention interval presented aurally in Experiment I and visually in Experiment II. In both experiments, figures were recalled better than names and no differences in recall of names were found due to presentation modality. Recall of both names conditions showed a steady decline across retention intervals whereas recall of figures remained at a relatively high level. These findings were interpreted as providing further support for the existence of short-term visual memory not subject to auditory recoding and based primarily on physical features of the input. It was suggested that such visual memory is limited in capacity so that input exceeding this capacity is recoded into an auditory-verbal-linguistic form.
两项实验验证了这样一个假设，即短期视觉记忆主要基于视觉输入的物理特征。要求被试在不同的保持间隔内回忆视觉呈现的图形或听觉呈现的图形的名称。在实验一中，被试在听觉呈现的保持间隔内跟读单词，在实验二中，被试在视觉呈现的保持间隔内跟读单词。在这两个实验中，图形的回忆效果好于名称，并且由于呈现方式的不同，名称的回忆没有差异。两个名称条件的回忆都在保持间隔内呈下降趋势，而图形的回忆则保持在相对较高的水平。这些发现进一步支持了短期视觉记忆的存在，这种记忆不受听觉再编码的影响，主要基于输入的物理特征。有人认为，这种视觉记忆的容量是有限的，因此超过这个容量的输入会被重新编码为听觉-言语-语言形式。
