Yale University, 06520, New Haven, Connecticut.
Mem Cognit. 1976 Sep;4(5):648-54. doi: 10.3758/BF03213230.
Immediately prior to each visually presented target letter string to which the subject made a speeded word-nonword classification response, a visually presented prime to which no overt response was required was shown for 360, 600, or 2,000 msec. For word (W) target trials, the priming event was either a semantically neutral warning signal (Condition NX), a word semantically related to the target word (Condition R), or a word semantically unrelated to the target word (Condition U); for nonword (N) target trials, the priming event was either the neutral warning signal (Condition NX) or a word prime (Condition WP). For the W target trials, reaction times (RTs) were slower in Condition U than in Condition NX and equally so for all three prime durations; RTs were faster in Condition R than in Condition NX and to a greater degree for the 600- and 2,000-msec prime durations than for the 360-msec prime duration. For the N targets, RTs were faster in Condition WP than in Condition NX and equally so for all prime durations. These results were interpreted within the framework of a two-factor theory of attention proposed by Posner and Snyder (1975a).
在每个需要被快速分类为单词或非单词的视觉呈现目标字母串之前，会呈现一个无需做出显性反应的视觉呈现启动刺激，其呈现时长为 360、600 或 2000 毫秒。对于单词（W）目标试验，启动刺激要么是一个语义上中性的警告信号（条件 NX），要么是与目标词语义相关的词（条件 R），要么是与目标词语义不相关的词（条件 U）；对于非单词（N）目标试验，启动刺激要么是中性警告信号（条件 NX），要么是一个词的启动刺激（条件 WP）。对于 W 目标试验，在条件 U 中的反应时间（RT）比条件 NX 慢，并且在所有三种启动时长下都是如此；在条件 R 中的 RT 比条件 NX 快，并且在 600 和 2000 毫秒的启动时长下比 360 毫秒的启动时长更快。对于 N 目标，在条件 WP 中的 RT 比条件 NX 快，并且在所有的启动时长下都是如此。这些结果是在 Posner 和 Snyder（1975a）提出的注意的双因素理论框架内解释的。
