Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, 11001 Belgrade, Njegoševa 12, P.O. Box 473, Serbia.
Chemosphere. 2011 Mar;83(1):34-40. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.01.020. Epub 2011 Feb 1.
Mazut (heavy residual fuel oil)-polluted soil was exposed to bioremediation in an ex situ field-scale (600 m(3)) study. Re-inoculation was performed periodically with biomasses of microbial consortia isolated from the mazut-contaminated soil. Biostimulation was conducted by adding nutritional elements (N, P and K). The biopile (depth 0.4m) was comprised of mechanically mixed polluted soil with softwood sawdust and crude river sand. Aeration was improved by systematic mixing. The biopile was protected from direct external influences by a polyethylene cover. Part (10 m(3)) of the material prepared for bioremediation was set aside uninoculated, and maintained as an untreated control pile (CP). Biostimulation and re-inoculation with zymogenous microorganisms increased the number of hydrocarbon degraders after 50 d by more than 20 times in the treated soil. During the 5 months, the total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) content of the contaminated soil was reduced to 6% of the initial value, from 5.2 to 0.3 g kg(-1) dry matter, while TPH reduced to only 90% of the initial value in the CP. After 150 d there were 96%, 97% and 83% reductions for the aliphatic, aromatic, and nitrogen-sulphur-oxygen and asphaltene fractions, respectively. The isoprenoids, pristane and phytane, were more than 55% biodegraded, which indicated that they are not suitable biomarkers for following bioremediation. According to the available data, this is the first field-scale study of the bioremediation of mazut and mazut sediment-polluted soil, and the efficiency achieved was far above that described in the literature to date for heavy fuel oil.
渣油（重质燃料油）污染土壤在现场规模（600m3）的异位研究中进行了生物修复。定期用从渣油污染土壤中分离的微生物群落生物量进行再接种。通过添加营养元素（N、P 和 K）进行生物刺激。生物堆（深度 0.4m）由机械混合的受污染土壤与软木木屑和粗河砂组成。通过系统混合来改善充气。生物堆用聚乙烯覆盖物保护免受直接的外部影响。为生物修复准备的部分（10m3）未接种，保留作为未处理对照堆（CP）。生物刺激和用产酶微生物再接种使处理过的土壤中的烃类降解菌数量在 50d 后增加了 20 多倍。在 5 个月的时间里，受污染土壤中的总石油烃（TPH）含量从 5.2 减少到 0.3gkg-1干物质，减少到初始值的 6%，而 CP 中 TPH 仅减少到初始值的 90%。150d 后，脂肪族、芳香族、氮硫氧和沥青质分别减少了 96%、97%和 83%。异戊二烯、姥鲛烷和植烷的生物降解率超过 55%，这表明它们不适合作为后续生物修复的生物标志物。根据现有数据，这是渣油和渣油沉积物污染土壤生物修复的首次现场规模研究，所达到的效率远远高于迄今为止文献中描述的重燃料油。
