University of Nantes, 25 bis de boulevard Guy Mollet, Nantes, France.
Ergonomics. 2011 Feb;54(2):120-38. doi: 10.1080/00140139.2010.544763.
This exploratory case study describes the sharedness of knowledge within a basketball team (nine players) and how it changes during an official match. To determine how knowledge is mobilised in an actual game situation, the data were collected and processed following course-of-action theory (Theureau 2003). The results were used to characterise the contents of the shared knowledge (i.e. regarding teammate characteristics, team functioning, opponent characteristics, opposing team functioning and game conditions) and to identify the characteristic types of change: (a) the reinforcement of a previous element of shared knowledge; (b) the invalidation of an element of shared knowledge; (c) fragmentation of an element of shared knowledge; (d) the creation of a new element of shared knowledge. The discussion deals with the diverse types of change in shared knowledge and the heterogeneous and dynamic nature of common ground within the team. STATEMENT OF RELEVANCE: The present case study focused on how the cognitions of individual members of a team coordinate to produce a team performance (e.g. surgical teams in hospitals, military teams) and how the shared knowledge changes during team activity. Traditional methods to increase knowledge sharedness can be enhanced by making use of 'opportunities for coordination' to optimise team adaptiveness.
本探索性案例研究描述了篮球队（9 名球员）内部知识的共享情况，以及在正式比赛期间这种共享情况如何变化。为了确定知识在实际比赛情况下是如何调动的，我们按照行动过程理论（Theureau 2003）收集和处理了数据。研究结果用于描述共享知识的内容（即关于队友特点、团队运作、对手特点、对手团队运作和比赛条件），并确定了知识变化的典型类型：（a）共享知识的先前元素的强化；（b）共享知识的元素失效；（c）共享知识元素的碎片化；（d）新知识元素的创造。讨论涉及共享知识中的各种类型的变化以及团队中共同基础的异质性和动态性。相关性陈述：本案例研究重点关注团队中各个成员的认知如何协调以产生团队表现（例如医院的外科手术团队、军队团队），以及共享知识在团队活动期间如何变化。通过利用“协调机会”来优化团队适应性，可以增强传统的增加知识共享的方法。
