Steiner Silvan, Macquet Anne-Claire, Seiler Roland
Institute of Sport Science, University of BernBern, Switzerland.
Institut National du Sport, de l'Expertise et de la Performance (INSEP)Paris, France.
Front Psychol. 2017 Aug 28;8:1440. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01440. eCollection 2017.
Interpersonal coordination is a key factor in team performance. In interactive team sports, the limited predictability of a constantly changing context makes coordination challenging. Approaches that highlight the support provided by environmental information and theories of shared mental models provide potential explanations of how interpersonal coordination can nonetheless be established. In this article, we first outline the main assumptions of these approaches and consider criticisms that have been raised with regard to each. The aim of this article is to define a theoretical perspective that integrates the coordination mechanisms of the two approaches. In doing so, we borrow from a theoretical outline of group action. According to this outline, group action based on a priori shared mental models is an example of how interpersonal coordination is established from the top down. Interpersonal coordination in reaction to the perception of affordances represents the bottom-up component of group action. Both components are inextricably involved in the coordination of interactive sports teams. We further elaborate on the theoretical outline to integrate a third, constructivist approach. Integrating this third approach helps to explain interpersonal coordination in game situations for which no shared mental models are established and game situations that remain ambiguous in terms of perceived affordances. The article describes how hierarchical, sequential, and complex dimensions of action organization are important aspects of this constructivist perspective and how mental models may be involved. A basketball example is used to illustrate how top-down, bottom-up and constructivist processes may be simultaneously involved in enabling interpersonal coordination. Finally, we present the implications for research and practice.
人际协调是团队绩效的关键因素。在互动性团队运动中，不断变化的环境所具有的有限可预测性使得协调具有挑战性。强调环境信息所提供的支持以及共享心理模型理论的方法，为如何能够建立人际协调提供了潜在的解释。在本文中，我们首先概述这些方法的主要假设，并考虑针对每种方法所提出的批评。本文的目的是定义一种整合这两种方法的协调机制的理论视角。在此过程中，我们借鉴了群体行动的理论概述。根据这一概述，基于先验共享心理模型的群体行动是人际协调如何自上而下建立的一个例子。对可供性的感知做出反应的人际协调代表了群体行动的自下而上的组成部分。这两个组成部分都不可分割地参与到互动性运动队的协调之中。我们进一步详细阐述该理论概述，以整合第三种建构主义方法。整合这第三种方法有助于解释在没有建立共享心理模型的比赛情境以及在可供性感知方面仍不明确的比赛情境中的人际协调。本文描述了行动组织的层级、顺序和复杂维度如何是这种建构主义视角的重要方面以及心理模型可能如何参与其中。通过一个篮球例子来说明自上而下、自下而上和建构主义过程可能如何同时参与实现人际协调。最后，我们阐述了对研究和实践的启示。
