Division of Neonatology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
Nutr Rev. 2011 Feb;69(2):76-82. doi: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2010.00370.x.
Early postnatal nutrition is a vital determinant of adult health; this is particularly true for the infant born prematurely and cared for in a hospital setting such as the neonatal intensive care unit. Human and animal studies support the contribution of postnatal dietary composition and the rate of extrauterine growth to long-term metabolic outcomes. One mechanism by which postnatal nutrition affects long-term outcome is via developmental programming. Programming, or the modulation of gene expression to impart a short-term advantage accompanied by a long-term cost, may be achieved by epigenetic modifications to chromatin. This review summarizes the details of postnatal nutritional content and rate of growth on the development of metabolic disease. The role of epigenetics in developmental programming of the preterm infant is also discussed, with an emphasis on animal models of dietary manipulation and directions in which the field must move in order to formulate effective feeding strategies for the preterm infant.
早期的产后营养是成人健康的一个重要决定因素；对于在医院环境（如新生儿重症监护病房）中出生的早产儿来说，这一点尤其正确。人体和动物研究支持产后饮食成分和宫外生长速度对长期代谢结果的贡献。产后营养影响长期结果的一种机制是通过发育编程。编程，或通过表观遗传修饰来调节基因表达，以赋予短期优势，同时伴随着长期成本，可能通过染色质的表观遗传修饰来实现。这篇综述总结了产后营养内容和生长速度对代谢性疾病发展的影响。还讨论了表观遗传学在早产儿发育编程中的作用，重点介绍了饮食干预的动物模型，以及该领域为制定早产儿有效喂养策略必须前进的方向。
