Applied Microbiology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; EMBRAPA Agroenergy, PqEB, Brasilia, 70770-901 DF, Brazil.
Biotechnol J. 2011 Mar;6(3):286-99. doi: 10.1002/biot.201000301. Epub 2011 Feb 9.
Conversion of agricultural residues, energy crops and forest residues into bioethanol requires hydrolysis of the biomass and fermentation of the released sugars. During the hydrolysis of the hemicellulose fraction, substantial amounts of pentose sugars, in particular xylose, are released. Fermentation of these pentose sugars to ethanol by engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae under industrial process conditions is the subject of this review. First, fermentation challenges originating from the main steps of ethanol production from lignocellulosic feedstocks are discussed, followed by genetic modifications that have been implemented in S. cerevisiae to obtain xylose and arabinose fermenting capacity per se. Finally, the fermentation of a real lignocellulosic medium is discussed in terms of inhibitory effects of furaldehydes, phenolics and weak acids and the presence of contaminating microbiota.
将农业废弃物、能源作物和林业残余物转化为生物乙醇需要对生物质进行水解，并发酵释放出的糖。在半纤维素的水解过程中，会释放出大量的戊糖，特别是木糖。在工业生产条件下，通过工程化的酿酒酵母对这些戊糖进行发酵转化为乙醇是本综述的主题。首先，讨论了来自木质纤维素原料乙醇生产主要步骤的发酵挑战，然后讨论了在酿酒酵母中实施的遗传改造，以获得木糖和阿拉伯糖本身的发酵能力。最后，根据糠醛、酚类和弱酸的抑制作用以及污染微生物群落的存在，讨论了真实木质纤维素培养基的发酵。
