Romanowski Barbara
University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
Hum Vaccin. 2011 Feb;7(2):161-9. doi: 10.4161/hv.7.2.13690. Epub 2011 Feb 1.
Two vaccines against HPV are commercially available: an HPV-16/18 (bivalent) and an HPV-6/11/16/18 (quadrivalent) vaccine. Vaccination programs have been and will be implemented before the full duration of protection is known. Whether booster doses will be required is also unknown at this time. Meanwhile, predictions rely upon phase III studies and mathematical modelling. In a head to head study, the bivalent vaccine induced a higher, more sustained immune response than the quadrivalent vaccine. Immunogenicity of the bivalent vaccine against HPV-16 and HPV-18 has been demonstrated up to 8.4 years. For the quadrivalent vaccine, immunogenicity data up to 5 years show that the immune response against HPV-18 wanes after approximately 4 years. Efficacy against infection and cervical lesions associated with HPV-16/18 has been shown up to 8.4 and 5 years with the bivalent and quadrivalent vaccine, respectively. Cross-protection against non-vaccine types appears stronger with the bivalent vaccine. However, both vaccines may provide sufficient immunogenicity to confer long-term protection. Ongoing monitoring is essential.
目前有两种针对人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）的疫苗可供商业使用：一种是HPV-16/18（二价）疫苗，另一种是HPV-6/11/16/18（四价）疫苗。在了解到疫苗的完整保护期之前，疫苗接种计划已经并将继续实施。目前也不清楚是否需要接种加强针。与此同时，预测依赖于三期研究和数学模型。在一项对比研究中，二价疫苗诱导的免疫反应比四价疫苗更高、更持久。二价疫苗针对HPV-16和HPV-18的免疫原性已在长达8.4年的时间里得到证实。对于四价疫苗，长达5年的免疫原性数据表明，针对HPV-18的免疫反应在大约4年后会减弱。二价和四价疫苗分别在长达8.4年和5年的时间里显示出对与HPV-16/18相关的感染和宫颈病变的预防效果。二价疫苗对非疫苗类型的交叉保护作用似乎更强。然而，两种疫苗都可能提供足够的免疫原性以提供长期保护。持续监测至关重要。
