Department of Psychology, Ghent University, H. Dunantlaan 2, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
Psychon Bull Rev. 2011 Feb;18(1):76-82. doi: 10.3758/s13423-010-0016-2.
The aftereffects of error and conflict (i.e., stimulus or response incongruency) have been extensively studied in the cognitive control literature. Each has been characterized by its own behavioral signature on the following trial. Conflict leads to a reduced congruency effect (Gratton effect), whereas an error leads to increased response time (post-error slowing). The reason for this dissociation has remained unclear. Here, we show that post-conflict slowing is not typically observed because it is masked by the processing of the irrelevant stimulus dimension. We demonstrate that post-conflict slowing does occur when tested in pure trials where helpful or detrimental impacts from irrelevant stimulus dimensions are removed (i.e., univalent stimuli).
错误和冲突（即刺激或反应不一致）的后果在认知控制文献中得到了广泛研究。在随后的试验中，每种情况都有其独特的行为特征。冲突导致一致性效应（Gratton 效应）降低，而错误则导致反应时间延长（错误后减速）。造成这种分离的原因仍不清楚。在这里，我们表明，通常不会观察到冲突后减速，因为它被无关刺激维度的处理所掩盖。我们证明，当在无关刺激维度去除有益或有害影响的纯试验中进行测试时（即单值刺激），会出现冲突后减速。
