Gerkema M P, Groos G A, Daan S
Max-Planck-Institut für Verhaltensphysiologie, Andechs, Federal Republic of Germany.
J Biol Rhythms. 1990 Summer;5(2):81-95. doi: 10.1177/074873049000500201.
Effects of hypothalamic lesions on the ultradian and circadian organization of wheel running and feeding were studied in the common vole, Microtus arvalis. Circadian organization broke down within 30 days in continuous darkness in 24% of intact voles (n = 135). Ultradian rhythmicity of feeding (period 2-3 hr) persisted in constant conditions in all intact voles. Following lesions of the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN), circadian rhythmicity disappeared when lesions were complete (n = 8) or more extensive than 25% of the total SCN volume (n = 5). Absence of circadian rhythmicity was also found in animals with substantial lesions in the diencephalic paraventricular area (PVA) and in the retrochiasmatic area (RCA) and/or adjacent arcuate nucleus (Arc). Complete loss of ultradian and circadian organization occurred in eight voles with damage to the RCA and/or Arc. In three of these, the SCN was intact. The SCN is a likely candidate for a circadian pacemaker in voles (as in other rodents), while the loss of circadian rhythmicity following PVA and RCA/Arc lesions may be due to destruction of efferent pathways from the SCN. The RCA/Arc area is apparently necessary for the expression of ultradian rhythms. The intact SCN is neither necessary nor sufficient for the generation of ultradian rhythmicity.
在普通田鼠（Microtus arvalis）中研究了下丘脑损伤对转轮行为和进食的超日节律及昼夜节律组织的影响。在持续黑暗中，24%的完整田鼠（n = 135）在30天内昼夜节律组织瓦解。所有完整田鼠在恒定条件下进食的超日节律（周期为2 - 3小时）持续存在。损毁视交叉上核（SCN）后，当损毁完全（n = 8）或超过SCN总体积的25%（n = 5）时，昼夜节律消失。在间脑旁室区（PVA）、视交叉后区（RCA）和/或相邻的弓状核（Arc）有大量损伤的动物中也发现了昼夜节律缺失。8只RCA和/或Arc受损的田鼠出现了超日和昼夜节律组织的完全丧失。其中3只的SCN是完整的。SCN可能是田鼠（与其他啮齿动物一样）昼夜节律起搏器的候选者，而PVA和RCA/Arc损伤后昼夜节律的丧失可能是由于SCN传出通路的破坏。RCA/Arc区域显然是超日节律表达所必需的。完整的SCN对于超日节律的产生既非必要也不充分。
