Respiratory Care Program, Mayo College of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.
Respir Care. 2011 Jun;56(6):834-45. doi: 10.4187/respcare.01072. Epub 2011 Feb 11.
The ability to use an acoustic stethoscope to detect lung and/or heart sounds, and then to then communicate one's interpretation of those sounds is an essential skill for many medical professionals. Interpretation of lung and heart sounds, in the context of history and other examination findings, often aids the differential diagnosis. Bedside assessment of changing auscultation findings may also guide treatment. Learning lung and heart auscultation skills typically involves listening to pre-recorded normal and adventitious sounds, often followed by laboratory instruction to guide stethoscope placement, and finally correlating the sounds with the associated pathophysiology and pathology. Recently, medical simulation has become an important tool for teaching prior to clinical practice, and for evaluating bedside auscultation skills. When simulating cardiovascular or pulmonary problems, high-quality lung and heart sounds should be able to accurately corroborate other findings such as vital signs, arterial blood gas values, or imaging. Digital audio technology, the Internet, and high-fidelity simulators have increased opportunities for educators and learners. We review the application of these technologies and describe options for reproducing lung and heart sounds, as well as their advantages and potential limitations.
使用声学听诊器检测肺部和/或心脏声音的能力，然后能够传达对这些声音的解释，是许多医疗专业人员的基本技能。在病史和其他检查结果的背景下，对肺部和心脏声音的解释通常有助于鉴别诊断。床边评估听诊结果的变化也可能指导治疗。学习肺部和心脏听诊技能通常涉及听取预先录制的正常和异常声音，通常随后在实验室进行指导，以指导听诊器的放置，最后将声音与相关的病理生理学和病理学相关联。最近，医学模拟已成为在临床实践之前进行教学和评估床边听诊技能的重要工具。在模拟心血管或肺部问题时，高质量的肺部和心脏声音应该能够准确证实其他发现，例如生命体征、动脉血气值或影像学检查。数字音频技术、互联网和高保真模拟器为教育者和学习者提供了更多的机会。我们回顾了这些技术的应用，并描述了复制肺部和心脏声音的选项，以及它们的优点和潜在限制。
