Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94063, USA.
PM R. 2011 Feb;3(2):125-31; quiz 131. doi: 10.1016/j.pmrj.2010.09.009.
To evaluate lifetime prevalence and risk factors for overuse injuries in high school athletes currently participating in long-distance running and provide recommendations for injury prevention strategies.
Retrospective study design.
Twenty-eight high schools in the San Francisco Bay Area.
A total of 442 female and 306 male athletes, ages 13-18 years, who are on cross-country and track and field teams.
Online survey with questions that detailed previous injuries sustained and risk factors for injury.
Previous overuse injuries and association of risk factors to injury (including training variables, dietary patterns, and, in girls, menstrual irregularities).
Previous injuries were reported by 68% of female subjects and 59% of male subjects. More injury types were seen in girls (1.2 ± 1.1 versus 1.0 ± 1.0, P < .01). Both genders had similar participation in running (2.5 ± 2.2 versus 2.3 ± 2.1 years), and previous injury prevalence followed a similar pattern: tibial stress injury (girls, 41%; boys, 34%), ankle sprain (girls, 32%; boys, 28%), patellofemoral pain (girls, 21%; boys, 16%), Achilles tendonitis (girls, 9%; boys, 6%), iliotibial band syndrome (girls, 7%; boys, 5%), and plantar fasciitis (girls, 5%; boys, 3%). Higher weekly mileage was associated with previous injuries in boys, (17.1 ± 11.9 versus 14.1 ± 11.5, P < .05) but not in girls (14.4 ± 10.2 versus 12.6 ± 11.8, not significant). A strong association between higher mileage and faster performances was seen in both groups. No association between previous injury and current dietary patterns (including disordered eating and calcium intake) or menstrual irregularities was seen.
The majority of athletes currently participating in high school cross-country and track and field have a history of sustaining an overuse injury, with girls having a higher prevalence of injury. A modest mileage reduction may represent a modifiable risk factor for injury reduction. Future research is needed to evaluate the effects of incorporating a comprehensive strength training program on the prospective development of overuse injury and performance in this population.
评估目前参加长跑的高中生运动员一生中过度使用损伤的发生率和危险因素，并为损伤预防策略提供建议。
回顾性研究设计。
旧金山湾区的 28 所高中。
共有 442 名女性和 306 名男性运动员，年龄 13-18 岁，参加越野和田径队。
在线调查，详细询问以往受伤情况和损伤危险因素。
以往过度使用损伤情况，以及危险因素与损伤的相关性（包括训练变量、饮食模式，以及女孩的月经不规律情况）。
68%的女性和 59%的男性报告有既往损伤。女孩的损伤类型更多（1.2±1.1 比 1.0±1.0，P<.01）。两种性别在跑步方面的参与度相似（2.5±2.2 年比 2.3±2.1 年），既往损伤的发生率也相似：胫骨应力性损伤（女孩 41%，男孩 34%）、踝关节扭伤（女孩 32%，男孩 28%）、髌股疼痛（女孩 21%，男孩 16%）、跟腱炎（女孩 9%，男孩 6%）、髂胫束综合征（女孩 7%，男孩 5%）和足底筋膜炎（女孩 5%，男孩 3%）。男孩每周跑量较高与既往损伤相关（17.1±11.9 比 14.1±11.5，P<.05），但女孩没有（14.4±10.2 比 12.6±11.8，无统计学意义）。两组都有较高的跑量与较快的成绩之间存在很强的关联。既往损伤与当前饮食模式（包括饮食紊乱和钙摄入）或月经不规律之间没有关联。
目前参加高中越野和田径运动的运动员大多数都有过度使用损伤史，女孩的损伤发生率更高。适度减少跑量可能是减少损伤的一个可改变的危险因素。未来需要研究在这一人群中纳入综合力量训练计划对过度使用损伤和表现的前瞻性发展的影响。
