Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Vecna pot 111, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Mar Drugs. 2010 Dec 27;9(1):43-58. doi: 10.3390/md9010043.
The aim of the present study was to investigate indigenous fungal communities isolated from extreme environments (hypersaline waters of solar salterns and subglacial ice), for the production of metabolic compounds with selected biological activities: hemolysis, antibacterial, and acetylcholinesterase inhibition. In their natural habitats, the selected fungi are exposed to environmental extremes, and therefore the production of bioactive metabolites was tested under both standard growth conditions for mesophilic microorganisms, and at high NaCl and sugar concentrations and low growth temperatures. The results indicate that selected halotolerant and halophilic species synthesize specific bioactive metabolites under conditions that represent stress for non-adapted species. Furthermore, adaptation at the level of the chemical nature of the solute lowering the water activity of the medium was observed. Increased salt concentrations resulted in higher hemolytic activity, particularly within species dominating the salterns. The appearance of antibacterial potential under stress conditions was seen in the similar pattern of fungal species as for hemolysis. The active extracts exclusively affected the growth of the Gram-positive bacterium tested, Bacillus subtilis. None of the extracts tested showed inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity.
本研究的目的是调查从极端环境（太阳盐场的高盐度水和冰川下的冰）中分离出来的土著真菌群落，以生产具有特定生物活性的代谢产物：溶血、抗菌和乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制作用。在所选择的真菌的自然栖息地中，它们暴露在极端环境中，因此在适合中温微生物的标准生长条件下以及在高 NaCl 和糖浓度以及低生长温度下测试了生物活性代谢产物的产生。结果表明，在非适应物种面临压力的条件下，所选的耐盐和嗜盐物种合成了特定的生物活性代谢产物。此外，在溶质化学性质降低介质水活度的水平上观察到了适应。盐浓度的增加导致溶血活性增加，尤其是在主导盐田的物种中。在应激条件下抗菌潜力的出现与溶血的真菌物种的相似模式一致。活性提取物仅影响测试的革兰氏阳性菌枯草芽孢杆菌的生长。在所测试的提取物中均未发现乙酰胆碱酯酶活性抑制作用。
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