Luna Maria de Fátima Gomes de, Almeida Paulo César de, Silva Marcelo Gurgel Carlos da
Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brasil.
Cad Saude Publica. 2011 Jan;27(1):103-12. doi: 10.1590/s0102-311x2011000100011.
This study aimed to measure the prevalence rates for asthma and rhinitis and the association between the two conditions. This was a cross-sectional study of 3,015 adolescents (13-14 years of age) in Fortaleza, Ceará State, Brazil, in public and private schools, using the protocol from the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC), in 2006-2007. Prevalence rates were 22.6% for asthma, 43.2% for rhinitis, and 18.7% for rhinoconjunctivitis, with a predominance of females (p = 0.002, p < 0.001, and p < 0/001, respectively) and private school students (p < 0.001). Among adolescents that reported asthma, the rhinitis rate was 64.4% and the rhinoconjunctivitis rate was 35.3%. The rates of association were 14.6% between asthma and rhinitis and 8% between asthma and rhinoconjunctivitis, with a predominance of females (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively) and associated with speech-limiting wheezing (p = 0.037 and p = 0.004, respectively). The study can help call health professionals' attention to the importance of an integrated approach to these illnesses, considering the "single airway" concept and seeking treatment options that act on both asthma and rhinitis when the two conditions present simultaneously.
本研究旨在测量哮喘和鼻炎的患病率以及这两种疾病之间的关联。这是一项于2006 - 2007年在巴西塞阿拉州福塔莱萨市的公立和私立学校中，对3015名青少年（13 - 14岁）进行的横断面研究，采用了儿童哮喘和过敏国际研究（ISAAC）的方案。哮喘患病率为22.6%，鼻炎患病率为43.2%，鼻结膜炎患病率为18.7%，女性（分别为p = 0.002、p < 0.001和p < 0.001）和私立学校学生（p < 0.001）占比更高。在报告患有哮喘的青少年中，鼻炎患病率为64.4%，鼻结膜炎患病率为35.3%。哮喘与鼻炎之间的关联率为14.6%，哮喘与鼻结膜炎之间的关联率为8%，女性占比更高（分别为p < 0.001和p < 0.001），且与限制言语的喘息相关（分别为p = 0.037和p = 0.004）。考虑到“单一气道”概念，并在哮喘和鼻炎同时出现时寻求对两者都有效的治疗方案，该研究有助于引起卫生专业人员对这些疾病综合治疗方法重要性的关注。
