Department of Psychology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
Psychol Bull. 2011 May;137(3):367-90. doi: 10.1037/a0022267.
In recent years, there has been a surge in the quantity of media content that glorifies risk-taking behavior, such as risky driving, extreme sports, or binge drinking. The authors conducted a meta-analysis involving more than 80,000 participants and 105 independent effect sizes to examine whether exposure to such media depictions increased their recipients' risk-taking inclinations. A positive connection was found for overall, combined risk taking (g=.41); as well as its underlying dimensions: risk-taking behaviors (g=.41), risk-positive cognitions and attitudes (g=.35), and risk-positive emotions (g=.56). This effect was observed across varying research methods (experimental, correlational, longitudinal); types of media (video games, movies, advertising, TV, music); and differing risk-related outcome measures (e.g., smoking, drinking, risky driving, sexual behavior). Multiple moderator analyses revealed 2 theoretically new boundary conditions for sociocognitive models. First, the effect was stronger for active (i.e., video games) than for passive (e.g., film, music) exposure to risk-glorifying media content. Second, the effect was stronger when there was a high degree of contextual fit between the media content and type of risk-taking measure. The theoretical, practical, and societal implications of the present research synthesis are discussed.
近年来,赞扬冒险行为的媒体内容数量激增,例如冒险驾驶、极限运动或狂饮。作者进行了一项涉及超过 80000 名参与者和 105 个独立效应量的荟萃分析,以检验接触此类媒体描述是否会增加接受者的冒险倾向。研究发现,总体而言,冒险行为(g=.41);以及其潜在的维度:冒险行为(g=.41)、风险积极认知和态度(g=.35)和风险积极情绪(g=.56),都与媒体描述呈正相关。这种影响在不同的研究方法(实验、相关、纵向);不同类型的媒体(视频游戏、电影、广告、电视、音乐);以及不同的风险相关结果衡量标准(例如,吸烟、饮酒、冒险驾驶、性行为)中都有所观察。多项调节分析揭示了社会认知模型的 2 个理论上的新边界条件。首先,与被动(例如电影、音乐)接触风险美化媒体内容相比,积极(例如视频游戏)接触的效果更强。其次,当媒体内容和风险测量类型之间存在高度的上下文匹配时,效果更强。讨论了本研究综合的理论、实践和社会意义。