Perry Julie, Koteva Kalinka, Wright Gerard
MG DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, 1200 Main St W, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
Mol Biosyst. 2011 May;7(5):1388-98. doi: 10.1039/c0mb00329h. Epub 2011 Feb 24.
Two-component signal transduction systems are found ubiquitously in prokaryotes, and in archaea, fungi, yeast and some plants, where they regulate physiologic and molecular processes at both transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. Two-component systems sense changes in environmental conditions when a specific ligand binds to the receptor domain of the histidine kinase sensory component. The structures of many histidine kinase receptors are known, including those which sense extracellular and cytoplasmic signals. In this review, we discuss the basic architecture of two-component signalling circuits, including known system ligands, structure and function of both receptor and signalling domains, the chemistry of phosphotransfer, and cross-talk between different two-component pathways. Given the importance of these systems in regulating cellular responses, many biochemical techniques have been developed for their study and analysis. We therefore also review current methods used to study two-component signalling, including a new affinity-based proteomics approach used to study inducible resistance to the antibiotic vancomycin through the VanSR two-component signal transduction system.
双组分信号转导系统在原核生物、古细菌、真菌、酵母和一些植物中普遍存在，它们在转录和转录后水平调节生理和分子过程。当特定配体与组氨酸激酶传感组分的受体结构域结合时，双组分系统感知环境条件的变化。许多组氨酸激酶受体的结构是已知的，包括那些感知细胞外和细胞质信号的受体。在本综述中，我们讨论了双组分信号传导回路的基本结构，包括已知的系统配体、受体和信号结构域的结构与功能、磷酸转移化学以及不同双组分途径之间的串扰。鉴于这些系统在调节细胞反应中的重要性，已经开发了许多生化技术用于其研究和分析。因此，我们还综述了目前用于研究双组分信号传导的方法，包括一种基于亲和力的蛋白质组学新方法，该方法用于通过VanSR双组分信号转导系统研究对万古霉素的诱导抗性。
