University of Algarve & CIMA, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.
Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol. 2011 Jun;154(1):56-63. doi: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2011.02.004. Epub 2011 Feb 24.
This study aimed to assess the antioxidant system potential and lipid peroxidative effects, in the gill and digestive gland of Mytilus galloprovincialis exposed to individual and binary mixtures of benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) and Cu for 7 days. Data demonstrated that in mussels exposed to BaP antioxidant enzymes (catalase--CAT, total glutathione peroxidase--tGPx, glutathione S-transferase--GST and glutathione reductase--GR) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) increased in the gill. On the contrary, in the digestive gland inhibitory antioxidant effects (superoxide dismutase-SOD, GR, metallothioneins-MT) and no changes in LPO levels were detected. Cu was also a potent oxidant agent since MT and LPO levels increased in mussel gill, despite no LPO effect in the digestive gland. For both single contaminants the organ specificity and distinct physiologic/metabolism roles were evident in terms of antioxidant capacity. Gill SOD inhibition, MT and GST unchanged was a result of "simple independent action" of exposure to BaP and Cu. "Interactions" in the binary mixtures, led to absence of changes in LPO effects. In the digestive gland, BaP and Cu interactions were also responsible for the GST and LPO enhancement (antagonistic effects). The current findings demonstrate the differences in antioxidant responses where the organ dependency highlights each contaminant particular mode of action. Generally, in the gill "non-interactive" effects occurred with the lowest Cu concentration while "interactions" exist for the mixture with the highest Cu concentrations. In the digestive gland, "interactions" and "no interaction" effects occurred in all the binary mixtures. Complex contaminant mixtures interact differently based on target tissue which may lead to an imbalance in the mussels health status.
本研究旨在评估抗氧化系统潜力和脂质过氧化效应，在贻贝鳃和消化腺暴露于单独和混合的苯并[a]芘（BaP）和 Cu 7 天。数据表明，在暴露于 BaP 的贻贝中，抗氧化酶（过氧化氢酶-CAT、总谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶-tGPx、谷胱甘肽 S-转移酶-GST 和谷胱甘肽还原酶-GR）和脂质过氧化（LPO）在鳃中增加。相反，在消化腺中，抑制抗氧化作用（超氧化物歧化酶-SOD、GR、金属硫蛋白-MT）和 LPO 水平没有变化。Cu 也是一种有效的氧化剂，因为 MT 和 LPO 水平在贻贝鳃中增加，尽管消化腺中没有 LPO 效应。对于这两种单一污染物，在抗氧化能力方面，器官特异性和不同的生理/代谢作用是明显的。鳃 SOD 抑制、MT 和 GST 不变是 BaP 和 Cu 暴露的“简单独立作用”的结果。二元混合物中的“相互作用”导致 LPO 效应没有变化。在消化腺中，BaP 和 Cu 的相互作用也是 GST 和 LPO 增强（拮抗作用）的原因。目前的研究结果表明了抗氧化反应的差异，其中器官依赖性突出了每种污染物的特定作用模式。一般来说，在鳃中，“非相互作用”效应发生在 Cu 浓度最低的情况下，而“相互作用”则存在于 Cu 浓度最高的混合物中。在消化腺中，所有二元混合物都发生了“相互作用”和“无相互作用”效应。复杂的污染物混合物根据靶组织的不同而相互作用，这可能导致贻贝健康状况的失衡。
