Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94107-1701, USA.
Int J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2012 Jan;28(1):117-37. doi: 10.1007/s10554-010-9774-1. Epub 2011 Feb 26.
Vascular and cardiac disease remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in developed and emerging countries. Vascular and cardiac interventions require extensive fluoroscopic guidance to navigate endovascular catheters. X-ray fluoroscopy is considered the current modality for real time imaging. It provides excellent spatial and temporal resolution, but is limited by exposure of patients and staff to ionizing radiation, poor soft tissue characterization and lack of quantitative physiologic information. MR fluoroscopy has been introduced with substantial progress during the last decade. Clinical and experimental studies performed under MR fluoroscopy have indicated the suitability of this modality for: delivery of ASD closure, aortic valves, and endovascular stents (aortic, carotid, iliac, renal arteries, inferior vena cava). It aids in performing ablation, creation of hepatic shunts and local delivery of therapies. Development of more MR compatible equipment and devices will widen the applications of MR-guided procedures. At post-intervention, MR imaging aids in assessing the efficacy of therapies, success of interventions. It also provides information on vascular flow and cardiac morphology, function, perfusion and viability. MR fluoroscopy has the potential to form the basis for minimally invasive image-guided surgeries that offer improved patient management and cost effectiveness.
血管和心脏疾病仍然是发达国家和新兴国家发病率和死亡率的主要原因。血管和心脏介入需要广泛的透视引导，以导航血管内导管。X 射线透视被认为是实时成像的当前模式。它提供了极好的空间和时间分辨率，但受到患者和工作人员暴露于电离辐射、软组织特征差和缺乏定量生理信息的限制。MR 透视在过去十年中取得了实质性进展。在 MR 透视下进行的临床和实验研究表明，该模式适用于：输送 ASD 闭合、主动脉瓣和血管内支架（主动脉、颈动脉、髂动脉、肾动脉、下腔静脉）。它有助于进行消融、创建肝分流和局部给药治疗。更多兼容磁共振的设备和器械的发展将拓宽磁共振引导手术的应用范围。在介入治疗后，磁共振成像有助于评估治疗的效果、介入的成功。它还提供关于血管流动和心脏形态、功能、灌注和活力的信息。MR 透视有可能成为微创图像引导手术的基础，为患者管理和成本效益提供更好的选择。
