Laboratoire Santé Travail Environnement, Institut de Santé Publique d'Epidémiologie et de Développement, IFR 99, Université Victor Segalen Bordeaux 2, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France.
Cancer Causes Control. 2011 May;22(5):697-714. doi: 10.1007/s10552-011-9742-7. Epub 2011 Feb 26.
To date, the etiology of primary tumors of the central nervous system (mainly gliomas and meningiomas) is poorly understood. The role of sex hormones has been suggested, based on clinical, experimental, biological, and epidemiological data.
To review the epidemiological studies on the relation between hormonal factors and the occurrence of glioma and meningioma, in order to identify new research developments.
Articles published until September 2010 were selected by considering exogenous and endogenous exposures and specific brain tumors. Standardized information was collected from 20 articles: 15 concerning gliomas and 13 meningiomas.
An increased glioma risk was observed with later menarche and menopause, while a reduced glioma risk was observed with hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and oral contraceptive use, despite duration of use had no effect on risk. Meningioma risk increased after menopause and with HRT use. No clear association was found with pregnancy and breastfeeding.
Results are globally concordant with the biologic hypothesis assuming that female sex hormones are protective against glioma and may increase the risk of meningioma. However, new epidemiological studies should be conducted in order to confirm these associations and to refine the role of hormonal factors in brain etiology.
迄今为止，中枢神经系统（主要是神经胶质瘤和脑膜瘤）原发性肿瘤的病因尚不清楚。基于临床、实验、生物学和流行病学数据，提示性激素可能起作用。
对激素因素与神经胶质瘤和脑膜瘤发生之间的关系进行流行病学研究，以确定新的研究进展。
通过考虑外源性和内源性暴露以及特定的脑肿瘤，选择截至 2010 年 9 月发表的文章。从 20 篇文章中收集了标准化信息：15 篇关于神经胶质瘤，13 篇关于脑膜瘤。
观察到月经初潮和绝经较晚与胶质瘤风险增加有关，而激素替代疗法（HRT）和口服避孕药的使用与风险降低有关，尽管使用时间对风险没有影响。绝经后脑膜瘤风险增加，且与 HRT 使用有关。妊娠和哺乳与脑膜瘤风险无明显相关性。
总体而言，结果与生物学假说一致，即女性性激素对神经胶质瘤有保护作用，可能增加脑膜瘤的风险。然而，为了证实这些关联并阐明激素因素在脑发病机制中的作用，应该开展新的流行病学研究。
