Vitáriusová Eva, Babinská Katarina, Kost'álová L'udmila, Rosinský Jozef, Hlavatá Anna, Pribilincová Zuzana, Babinská Katarína, Kovács László
2nd Department of Paediatrics, Comenius University Medical School, University Children's Hospital, Bratislava, Slovakia.
Cent Eur J Public Health. 2010 Dec;18(4):192-7. doi: 10.21101/cejph.a3607.
In 2006-2008 a survey analyzing food patterns, intake of main food items and leisure time activities of 5,410 schoolchildren was carried out.
The study was performed in 13 randomly selected regions of Slovakia. 5,410 elementary school children (2,848 girls and 2,562 boys) aged from 6.3 to 15.9 years, mean age was 11 +/- 2.6 years, were included. The data collected by questionnaire concerned nutrition and leisure time activities.
Noteworthy results are that only 63% of participants eat breakfast regularly. Almost all of the children eat lunch during workdays regularly and 60.9% prefer a cooked (hot) dish for supper. Although dairy products are a substantial part of child nutrition, in general their consumption in our sample was low. Only 50.1% of children consume these daily and 62% of children drink milk daily, more often boys than girls. A striking observation is that only 65.5% of interviewed pupils eat fruit every day and 30.9% of them eat vegetables daily. The frequency of consumption of poultry and pork in our sample was almost the same, however, the analysis showed that only 14% of children consume fish once per week. Moreover, only 12.6% of subjects prefer wholegrain bread. In our sample 56.8% of children eat sweets daily, 32% prefer a salty snack almost 2 times per week. Within the group of pupils 35.8% do not attend physical trainings even once a week. Almost every child is used to watch TV and 64% of them play PC games daily. While both girls and boys watched TV on average over 2 hours, boys spend more time on PC per day than girls (girls 0.72 hours per day vs. boys 1.13 hours per day, p < 0.001). The food patterns and leisure time activities of children older than 11 years and rural pupils were less favourable.
According to results of our analysis we recommend to increase the consumption of dairy products, fresh fruits and vegetables in Slovak schoolchildren and spare no effort in making children to take breakfast regularly. It is necessary to promote daily moderate physical activity. Nutritional and lifestyle education should begin already in childhood.
2006 - 2008年，对5410名学童的饮食模式、主要食物摄入量和休闲活动进行了一项调查分析。
该研究在斯洛伐克随机选取的13个地区开展。纳入了5410名6.3至15.9岁的小学生（2848名女孩和2562名男孩），平均年龄为11 ± 2.6岁。通过问卷调查收集了有关营养和休闲活动的数据。
值得注意的结果是，只有63%的参与者经常吃早餐。几乎所有孩子在工作日都规律地吃午餐，60.9%的孩子晚餐更喜欢吃熟食（热菜）。尽管乳制品是儿童营养的重要组成部分，但总体而言，我们样本中的摄入量较低。只有50.1%的孩子每天食用这些，62%的孩子每天喝牛奶，男孩比女孩更频繁。一个显著的观察结果是，只有65.5%的受访学生每天吃水果，30.9%的学生每天吃蔬菜。我们样本中家禽和猪肉的消费频率几乎相同，然而，分析表明只有14%的孩子每周吃一次鱼。此外，只有12.6%的受试者更喜欢全麦面包。在我们的样本中，56.8%的孩子每天吃甜食，32%的孩子几乎每周吃两次咸味零食。在学生群体中，35.8%的孩子甚至一周都不参加一次体育锻炼。几乎每个孩子都习惯看电视，64%的孩子每天玩电脑游戏。虽然女孩和男孩平均看电视时间都超过2小时，但男孩每天花在电脑上的时间比女孩多（女孩每天0.72小时，男孩每天1.13小时，p < 0.001）。11岁以上的孩子和农村学生的饮食模式和休闲活动情况较差。
根据我们的分析结果，我们建议斯洛伐克的学童增加乳制品、新鲜水果和蔬菜的摄入量，并不遗余力地让孩子们规律地吃早餐。有必要促进日常适度的体育活动。营养和生活方式教育应在儿童时期就开始。
