Haskins Laboratories, 300 George Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA.
J Acoust Soc Am. 2011 Feb;129(2):944-54. doi: 10.1121/1.3514537.
Due to its aerodynamic, articulatory, and acoustic complexities, the fricative /s/ is known to require high precision in its control, and to be highly resistant to coarticulation. This study documents in detail how jaw, tongue front, tongue back, lips, and the first spectral moment covary during the production of /s/, to establish how coarticulation affects this segment. Data were obtained from 24 speakers in the Wisconsin x-ray microbeam database producing /s/ in prevocalic and pre-obstruent sequences. Analysis of the data showed that certain aspects of jaw and tongue motion had specific kinematic trajectories, regardless of context, and the first spectral moment trajectory corresponded to these in some aspects. In particular contexts, variability due to jaw motion is compensated for by tongue-tip motion and bracing against the palate, to maintain an invariant articulatory-aerodynamic goal, constriction degree. The change in the first spectral moment, which rises to a peak at the midpoint of the fricative, primarily reflects the motion of the jaw. Implications of the results for theories of speech motor control and acoustic-articulatory relations are discussed.
由于摩擦音/s/具有空气动力学、发音和声学方面的复杂性，因此需要对其进行高精度的控制，并且对协同发音具有很强的抵抗力。本研究详细记录了在产生/s/时，下颌、舌前、舌后、嘴唇和第一谱矩如何协同变化，以确定协同发音如何影响这个音段。研究数据来自威斯康星州 X 射线微束数据库中的 24 位发音者，他们在元音前和辅音前的序列中发/s/音。数据分析表明，某些方面的下颌和舌部运动具有特定的运动轨迹，与上下文无关，而第一谱矩的轨迹在某些方面与这些轨迹相对应。在特定的语境中，由于下颌运动引起的变化通过舌尖运动和与上颚的支撑来补偿，以维持一个不变的发音-空气动力学目标，即紧缩程度。第一谱矩的变化在摩擦音的中点达到峰值，主要反映了下颌的运动。研究结果对言语运动控制和声学-发音关系的理论具有重要意义。
