Northeastern University.
Prev Med. 2011 May;52(5):370-5. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2011.02.013. Epub 2011 Mar 1.
To examine the effects of a multi-component, theory-based, 2.5-year intervention on children's fruit and vegetable consumption, preferences, knowledge and body mass index.
Four inner city elementary schools in the Northeastern United States were randomized to an intervention (n=149) or control group (n=148) in 2005. Fruit and vegetable consumption during school lunch (measured by plate waste), preferences, and knowledge, as well as body mass index, were assessed five times across 3.5 years (pre-intervention, spring 2006, 2007, 2008 and 2009). Hierarchical linear modeling was used to analyze program outcomes.
At the first post-test assessment, children in the experimental group ate 0.28 more servings/lunch of fruit and vegetable relative to children in the control group and changes in fruit and vegetable consumption were found in each year throughout the program. However, this effect declined steadily across time so that by the delayed one-year follow-up period there was no difference between the groups in fruit and vegetable consumption. There were persistent intervention effects on children's knowledge. There were no effects on fruit and vegetable preferences and body mass index throughout the study.
Although there was initial fruit and vegetable behavior change, annual measurements indicated a gradual decay of behavioral effects. These data have implications for the design of school-based fruit and vegetable interventions.
检验一项为期 2.5 年、多成分、基于理论的干预对儿童水果和蔬菜摄入量、偏好、知识和体重指数的影响。
2005 年，美国东北部 4 所城市内小学被随机分为干预组（n=149）和对照组（n=148）。在 3.5 年的时间里，通过餐盘剩菜五次评估在校午餐期间的水果和蔬菜摄入量（测量）、偏好和知识，以及体重指数。采用分层线性模型分析方案结果。
在第一次随访评估中，实验组儿童每餐比对照组儿童多吃 0.28 份水果和蔬菜，且在整个项目期间，每年的水果和蔬菜摄入量都有所增加。然而，这种效果随着时间的推移逐渐减弱，以至于在延迟一年的随访期间，两组在水果和蔬菜摄入量上没有差异。干预对儿童知识有持续的影响。在整个研究过程中，对水果和蔬菜的偏好和体重指数都没有影响。
尽管最初有水果和蔬菜行为的改变，但年度测量显示行为效果逐渐减弱。这些数据对基于学校的水果和蔬菜干预措施的设计具有启示意义。
