音乐家和非音乐家的听觉和视觉记忆。
Auditory and visual memory in musicians and nonmusicians.
机构信息
Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
出版信息
Psychon Bull Rev. 2011 Jun;18(3):586-91. doi: 10.3758/s13423-011-0074-0.
Numerous studies have shown that musicians outperform nonmusicians on a variety of tasks. Here we provide the first evidence that musicians have superior auditory recognition memory for both musical and nonmusical stimuli, compared to nonmusicians. However, this advantage did not generalize to the visual domain. Previously, we showed that auditory recognition memory is inferior to visual recognition memory. Would this be true even for trained musicians? We compared auditory and visual memory in musicians and nonmusicians using familiar music, spoken English, and visual objects. For both groups, memory for the auditory stimuli was inferior to memory for the visual objects. Thus, although considerable musical training is associated with better musical and nonmusical auditory memory, it does not increase the ability to remember sounds to the levels found with visual stimuli. This suggests a fundamental capacity difference between auditory and visual recognition memory, with a persistent advantage for the visual domain.
许多研究表明，音乐家在各种任务上的表现优于非音乐家。在这里，我们提供了第一个证据，表明与非音乐家相比，音乐家在音乐和非音乐刺激的听觉识别记忆方面具有优势。然而，这种优势并没有推广到视觉领域。此前，我们表明听觉识别记忆不如视觉识别记忆。即使是受过训练的音乐家也会这样吗？我们使用熟悉的音乐、英语口语和视觉对象比较了音乐家和非音乐家的听觉和视觉记忆。对于这两个群体，对听觉刺激的记忆都不如对视觉对象的记忆。因此，尽管大量的音乐训练与更好的音乐和非音乐听觉记忆有关，但它并没有提高记忆声音的能力，使其达到与视觉刺激相同的水平。这表明听觉和视觉识别记忆之间存在基本的能力差异，视觉领域始终具有优势。
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