Maeda Koki, Hanajima Dai, Toyoda Sakae, Yoshida Naohiro, Morioka Riki, Osada Takashi
Hokkaido Research Subteam for Waste Recycling System, National Agricultural Research Center for Hokkaido Region, National Agricultural and Food Research Organization, 1 Hitsujigaoka, Sapporo 062-8555, Japan.
Microb Biotechnol. 2011 Nov;4(6):700-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1751-7915.2010.00236.x. Epub 2011 Jan 6.
Composting is the major technology in the treatment of animal manure and is a source of nitrous oxide, a greenhouse gas. Although the microbiological processes of both nitrification and denitrification are involved in composting, the key players in these pathways have not been well identified. Recent molecular microbiological methodologies have revealed the presence of dominant Bacillus species in the degradation of organic material or betaproteobacterial ammonia-oxidizing bacteria on nitrification on the surface, and have also revealed the mechanism of nitrous oxide emission in this complicated process to some extent. Some bacteria, archaea or fungi still would be considered potential key players, and the contribution of some pathways, such as nitrifier denitrification or heterotrophic nitrification, might be involved in composting. This review article discusses these potential microbial players in nitrification-denitrification within the composting pile and highlights the relevant unknowns through recent activities that focus on the nitrogen cycle within the animal manure composting process.
堆肥是处理动物粪便的主要技术，也是温室气体一氧化二氮的一个来源。尽管硝化作用和反硝化作用的微生物过程都参与了堆肥过程，但这些途径中的关键参与者尚未得到很好的确定。最近的分子微生物学方法已经揭示，在有机物质降解过程中存在优势芽孢杆菌属物种，或者在表面硝化作用中存在β-变形菌纲氨氧化细菌，并且在一定程度上揭示了这个复杂过程中一氧化二氮排放的机制。一些细菌、古菌或真菌仍可能被视为潜在的关键参与者，并且一些途径（如硝化细菌反硝化作用或异养硝化作用）的贡献可能参与了堆肥过程。这篇综述文章讨论了堆肥堆中硝化-反硝化作用中的这些潜在微生物参与者，并通过最近关注动物粪便堆肥过程中氮循环的活动突出了相关的未知因素。
