Department of Medicine, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, College of Medicine, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA.
Trends Mol Med. 2011 Jul;17(7):395-403. doi: 10.1016/j.molmed.2011.01.014. Epub 2011 Mar 2.
Metabolism of glucose through the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) influences the development of diverse pathologies. Hemolytic anemia due to deficiency of PPP enzyme glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase is the most common genetic disease in humans. Recently, inactivation of another PPP enzyme, transaldolase (TAL), has been implicated in male infertility and fatty liver progressing to steatohepatitis and cancer. Hepatocarcinogenesis was associated with activation of aldose reductase and redox-sensitive transcription factors and prevented by N-acetylcysteine. In this paper, we discuss how alternative formulations of the PPP with and without TAL reflect cell type-specific metabolic control of oxidative stress, a crucial source of inflammation and carcinogenesis. Ongoing studies of TAL deficiency will identify new molecular targets for diagnosis and treatment in clinical practice.
通过戊糖磷酸途径（PPP）代谢葡萄糖会影响多种病理的发展。由于 PPP 酶葡萄糖 6-磷酸脱氢酶缺乏导致的溶血性贫血是人类最常见的遗传疾病。最近，另一种 PPP 酶转醛醇酶（TAL）的失活与男性不育以及进展为脂肪性肝炎和肝癌的脂肪肝有关。醛还原酶和氧化还原敏感转录因子的激活与肝癌的发生有关，而 N-乙酰半胱氨酸可预防其发生。本文中，我们将讨论有/无 TAL 的 PPP 替代途径如何反映细胞类型特异性的氧化应激代谢控制，这是炎症和癌变的关键来源。对 TAL 缺乏的持续研究将为临床实践中的诊断和治疗确定新的分子靶点。
