Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA.
Anaerobe. 2011 Aug;17(4):191-5. doi: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2011.01.001. Epub 2011 Mar 3.
The human vagina hosts a collection of microbes that is distinct from other human surfaces and mucosal sites, with reduced microbial diversity that is likely driven by the acidic environment. The microbial ecosystem of the vagina is dominated by lactobacilli in women without bacterial vaginosis (BV), and is characterize by increased species richness, diversity, and evenness in women with BV. The use of molecular, cultivation-independent methods to describe the bacterial biota of the human vagina has revealed many novel putative anaerobes in women with BV, and has demonstrated the almost ubiquitous nature of Lactobacillus iners which is found in most women regardless of BV status. A variety of molecular tools are being employed to study the vaginal microbiota, and each approach has distinct advantages and disadvantages that are reviewed. Longitudinal studies have demonstrated that the vaginal microbiota can be highly dynamic, with dramatic shifts in bacterial composition and concentrations in response to numerous endogenous and exogenous factors.
人类阴道中存在着独特的微生物群落，与其他人体表面和黏膜部位的微生物群落不同，其微生物多样性较低，这可能是由酸性环境驱动的。在没有细菌性阴道病（BV）的女性中，阴道微生物生态系统主要由乳杆菌主导，并且在患有 BV 的女性中，物种丰富度、多样性和均匀度增加。使用分子、非培养依赖的方法来描述人类阴道的细菌生物群，揭示了许多新的拟杆菌，并且证明了无论 BV 状态如何，大多数女性中都存在几乎无处不在的惰性乳杆菌。目前正在使用各种分子工具来研究阴道微生物组，每种方法都有其独特的优点和缺点，我们对此进行了综述。纵向研究表明，阴道微生物组可以高度动态变化，细菌组成和浓度会因许多内源性和外源性因素而发生剧烈变化。
