Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea.
Research Laboratories, Ildong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Hwaseong, South Korea.
Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2021 Sep 9;11:677648. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.677648. eCollection 2021.
Vaginal dysbiosis, such as bacterial vaginosis (BV) and aerobic vaginitis (AV), is an important cause of premature birth in pregnant women. However, there is very little research on vaginal microbial distribution in AV compared to that in BV. This study aimed to analyze the composition of the vaginal microbiota of pregnant women with AV using microbial community analysis and identify the causative organism using each criterion of the AV scoring system. Also, we compared the quantification of aerobic bacteria using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and their relative abundances (RA) using metagenomics. This prospective case-control study included 228 pregnant Korean women from our previous study. A wet mount test was conducted on 159 women to diagnose AV using the AV scoring system. Vaginal samples were analyzed using metagenomics, Gram staining for Nugent score determination, conventional culture, and qPCR for spp. spp., and . The relative abundances (RAs) of eleven species showed significant differences among the three groups (Normal flora (NF), mild AV, and moderate AV). Three species including were significantly lower in the AV groups than in the NF group, while eight species were higher in the AV groups, particularly moderate AV. The decrease in the RA of was common in three criteria of the AV scoring system (, WBC, and background flora grades), while it did not show a significant difference among the three grade groups of the toxic leukocyte criterion. Also, the RAs of anaerobes, such as and , were higher in the AV groups, particularly moderate AV, while the RAs of aerobes were very low (RA < 0.01). Therefore, qPCR was performed for aerobes ( spp. spp., and ); however, their quantification did not show a higher level in the AV groups when compared to that in the NF group. Therefore, AV might be affected by the RA of spp. and the main anaerobes, such as spp. Activation of leukocytes under specific conditions might convert them to toxic leukocytes, despite high levels of . Thus, the pathogenesis of AV can be evaluated under such conditions.
阴道微生态失调，如细菌性阴道病（BV）和需氧性阴道炎（AV），是导致孕妇早产的重要原因。然而，与 BV 相比，AV 阴道微生物分布的研究很少。本研究旨在通过微生物群落分析分析 AV 孕妇阴道微生物群的组成，并根据 AV 评分系统的每个标准确定致病生物。此外，我们比较了使用定量聚合酶链反应（qPCR）定量需氧菌及其使用宏基因组学的相对丰度（RA）。本前瞻性病例对照研究纳入了我们之前研究中的 228 名韩国孕妇。对 159 名妇女进行湿片检查，使用 AV 评分系统诊断 AV。使用宏基因组学、革兰氏染色确定 Nugent 评分进行阴道样本分析、常规培养和 qPCR 检测 spp. spp. 和. 在三个组（正常菌群（NF）、轻度 AV 和中度 AV）中，11 个物种的相对丰度（RA）存在显著差异。在 AV 组中，三个物种（包括 ）的 RA 明显低于 NF 组，而八个物种的 RA 较高，尤其是中度 AV。在 AV 评分系统的三个标准（白细胞、白细胞和背景菌群等级）中， 的 RA 普遍降低，而在毒性白细胞标准的三个等级组中，它没有显示出显著差异。此外，在 AV 组中，厌氧菌（如 和 ）的 RA 较高，尤其是中度 AV，而需氧菌的 RA 非常低（RA<0.01）。因此，对需氧菌（ spp. spp. 和 ）进行了 qPCR 检测；然而，与 NF 组相比，它们在 AV 组中的定量没有更高水平。因此，AV 可能受到 spp. 和主要厌氧菌（如 spp.）的 RA 影响。在特定条件下，白细胞可能会被激活并转化为毒性白细胞，尽管 水平较高。因此，可以在这种情况下评估 AV 的发病机制。
